Abstract: It is very necessary for manufacturing to overcome current dilemma and complete transition through radical innovation. As government plays a key role in firms operations, this study explores the relationships among innovation ambidexterity, new product development (NPD) and government regulation that are measured at both government and firm levels. With a dataset from the World Bank, this study uses hierarchy moderated regression to validate the negative effects of regulations on innovation activities. Government regulation measured by tax burden (government level) negatively moderates the relationship between explorative innovation and NPD performance, while it positively moderates the effects of exploitative innovation. The similar findings are also examined with regulation measured by the time that firms spend to deal with governments (firm level). Thus, the findings reveal the dark sides of onerous or strict regulations. The study offers managerial suggestions for firms, and political implications for current government as well.

摘要： 面对当前制造业的萎缩态势，推动高端创新、实施制造转型势在必行。鉴于政府管制对企业运营的重要影响以及现有研究不足，本文从政府和企业双重视角刻画了政府管制，探讨了政府管制、双元创新与新产品研发绩效三者关系。基于世界银行2012年的中国私营企业调查数据，利用层级调节回归证实了政府管制对于创新效果的削弱效应。结果表明，以税收负担刻画的政府管制（政府视角）负向调节探索式创新与新产品研发绩效的关系，但是正向调节开发式创新与新产品研发绩效的关系。利用企业与政府打交道时间比例刻画政府管制（企业视角），本文也发现了同样结果。研究结论揭示了过度管制的负面效应，即管制过重不利于制造企业从事探索式创新活动、实现转型升级。