Abstract: Collaboration in science is an important measure to solve major scientific problems, however, lacking of effective cooperation has become an outstanding problem in the major scientific research projects. Based on the concept of organized disorder, this paper tries to analyze the inherent logic and mechanism of collaboration dilemma existing in major scientific research projects from four angles: chief scientists’ asymmetric dependence on resources; difficulties in achieving organizational identification; uncertainty of return in the consultative resource exchange; complexity in the formation of effective collaboration rules. Some suggestions and counter-measures are also put forward in the paper to solve the problems of collaboration dilemma in major scientific research projects.

摘要： 科学合作是各国解决重大科学问题的必要措施，执行过程中缺乏有效合作已经成为重大科研项目研究中的突出问题。文章借鉴“有组织无序”视角，从首席科学家资源非对称性依赖，子课题组队组织认同难以实现，子课题组协商式资源交换收益的不确定性，有效合作规则形成过程复杂性四个角度对当前重大科研项目合作困境生成的内在逻辑进行分析，从逻辑上演绎了重大科研项目合作困境生成机理。并从降低重大科研项目“炫耀性商品”功能，赋予首席科学家对合作的激励约束手段，增加项目遴选时合作基础考核权重，改变当前学术优先权竞争中的异化倾向，改革科研评价制度等方面提出了改进建议。