The nature of Open Access knowledge sharing mechanism is to build shared knowledge acquisition platform in the world and it aims to wipe out business monopoly of science information.This paper points out that the business monopoly of science information is the outcome of knowledge capitalization.But it is different from the reasonable secrecy of science knowledge under market model.And the open requirements of Open Access are not completely equal to the traditional communism specification.There difference between them are value judgment,realization path,institution guarantee and constraint objects.
From the perspective of group cognition, this paper puts forward five antecedents of group consensus from cognitive subject, cognitive object and cognitive context based on the social cognitive theory: member involvement, knowledge heterogeneity, cognitive object complexity, communication coordination, group structure. At the same time, we establish the influence model of group consensus based on these influence factors. The model is estimated with survey data from 351 English Wikipedia entries using PLS-SEM. Results suggest that member involvement not only has a direct impact on group consensus, but also has an indirect impact on group consensus by influencing knowledge heterogeneity and communication coordination. Cognitive object complexity makes a negative impact on group consensus. In addition, group structure moderates the relationship between knowledge heterogeneity/communication coordination and group consensus.
This paper investigates the National S&T Awards evaluation process，based on actor network theory. It is found that there are lots of network connections among candidates, awards evaluation organizational units, and awards evaluation experts. The connections are enhanced not only by human actors’ interaction but also by non-human actors’ active involvement. The tension of network connections embodies benefit exchange between bothsides, and irregularities in evaluation process partly reflect the characteristics of national science and technology awards’ actor network. For the improvement of science and technology awards system, the interaction of human actors and non-human actors should be considered systematically.
Even though R&D is acknowledged that they are inherently investment in nature, R&D expenditures are treated as intermediate consumption or final consumption rather than as investment In GDP accounting, which denies the role of R&D in economic growth and seriously contradicts the national emphasis on research and development innovation to some extent. This paper firstly states some relevant concepts about R&D capitalization, and then capitalizes R&D expenditures of Zhejiang province. The empirical analysis proves that R&D capitalization has a great influence on GDP, GDP growth rate and the contribution rate of investment and consumption. Some advices are presented in the end.
Based on a comparative study of China and the U.S. R&D expenditures in 1980s and 1990s, this paper has started a re-comparative study of China and the U.S. R&D expenditures since 1990s.The study finds that, although the scale of China's R&D expenditure (investment amount and intensity ) has been significantly changed, while there are still great differences in R&D investment structures and sources: America still attaches great importance to basic research, but in our country it doesn't; In the United States, the Research and Development expenditure is mainly supported by the federal government, while in China, local governments R&D expenditure not only keep highly consistent with central government, but also rise significantly. the United States R&D investment based on the theory of market failure, while China is more based on the “ZhongShi”theory(paying more attention). In the contexts of public finance expenditure performance increasingly attracts much public attention, this paper suggests that China should work out the theoretic innovation on the role of market and government to optimize R&D expenditure theory; further stabilize the scales of R&D expenditure, with the further improvement of Science and Technology statistic , adjust to optimizing the structure of R&D expenditure, and strengthen basic research expenditure, local government should explore the suitable scales and scientific modes of R&D expenditure, and gradually reduce the direct subsidies.
Industrial technology standard alliance is an important carrier of technology standardization and the conflicts related to the patent activities may influence the stability and the technology standardization performance of alliance. In this paper, patent conflicts in industrial technology standard alliance are classified into two types including antagonistic conflict and nonantagonistic conflict. Then the the solution idea of different conflicts is proposed. After that, by taking typical conflicts for example, the extension model and extension set are constructed and the conflicts resolution tactics are generated using transforming bridge and extension transformation. This paper may provide references for patent conflict management of China’s industrial technology standard alliance.
On the basis of literature review, this paper collects data from three industrial cluster of Fujian province, establish the structure of the equation between multiple embedded network, dynamic capabilities and organizational learning and knowledge sharing between, and explore their mechanism of action. Research results show that the multiple network embedded in the cluster has a significant positive effect on improving the dynamic capacity of cluster, enterprise knowledge will markedly enhance its capability of knowledge absorption and create sharing between enterprises, and played a mediating variable between multiple network embedded and knowledge sharing, at the same time, the exploratory organization study has moderating effect between the dynamic capacity and knowledge sharing in the. Therefore, under the background of industry cluster should be fully appreciated for its role in multiple network embedded, improve the knowledge absorption and creation ability of enterprises, encourage enterprises in the use of exploring organizational learning, in order to improve the efficiency of information flow and knowledge sharing of the cluster to strengthen competitive advantage.
As one of the earliest countries to implement the system of government procurement, the United States federal government has formed the world's most typical government procurement driven technological progress model. Based on a brief introduction the history of the United States federal government technology procurement，the authors apply the policy paradigm approach，provide a comprehensive review and contrast to the stage of American federal government technology procurement policy paradigm transition process and compare system summary and the major features of the basic trend of the United States federal government technology procurement policy paradigm transition with the expectation to supporting China to build an innovation oriented country .
Collaboration in science is an important measure to solve major scientific problems, however, lacking of effective cooperation has become an outstanding problem in the major scientific research projects. Based on the concept of organized disorder, this paper tries to analyze the inherent logic and mechanism of collaboration dilemma existing in major scientific research projects from four angles: chief scientists’ asymmetric dependence on resources; difficulties in achieving organizational identification; uncertainty of return in the consultative resource exchange; complexity in the formation of effective collaboration rules. Some suggestions and counter-measures are also put forward in the paper to solve the problems of collaboration dilemma in major scientific research projects.
It is crucial for the stable development of industry-university-research institute alliance. From the perspective of alliance partners, the theoretical framework of the stability of industry-university-research institute alliance (SIURA) is built through discourse analysis and theoretical hypothesis. And then the paths of SIURA in the above theoretical framework are empirically analyzed using the projection pursuit and multiple mediation models. The results show that partner characteristics have positive impacts on the SIURA, and partner characteristics indirectly affects the SIURA through behavioral integration and interface management which play intermediating roles between them. What’s more, the mediating effect of behavioral integration is different from that of interface management, and the mediating effect of behavioral integration is greater.
With the prominent benefit of knowledge capital, the level of cooperation among firms is upgraded constantly. Knowledge collaboration, aiming at collaborative innovation among the upstream and downstream firms, has become an important approach of promoting the whole competitive advantage in supply chain. This paper proposes a theoretical model of knowledge collaboration in supply chain based on the contract theory and relationship exchange theory. Using the methodology of Structural Equation Modeling, the empirical results of 288 equipment manufacturers in Henan province show that the effect of relational governance is more significant in the process of strategic collaboration of knowledge in supply chain. In addition, the high degree of contractual governance will prejudice knowledge sharing, innovation and collaboration on account of the special character of knowledge exchange and the context of present Chinese culture.
The KIBS(Knowledge Intensive Business Service) normalization and its effects have not yet been attracted by academia.Based on the connotation structure analysis of KIBS normalization and service productivity using EFA(Exploratory Factor Analysis) and CFA(Confirmatory Factor Analysis), the longitudinal influence path model and horizontal influence path model were proposed. The empirical studies of the above two model were confirmed and revised by path analysis of SEM(Structural Equation Modeling). Four issues were revealed. (1)The connotation structure of service normalization comprises input factor and transformation factor. (2)The connotation structure of service productivity can be characterized by internal performance and external performance, or by process performance and result performance. (3)Normalization can not directly affect result performance and external performance, but through process performance and internal performance respectively. (4)Normalization transformation factor plays important intermediary roles in the influence on the service productivity., The KIBS(Knowledge Intensive Business Service) normalization and its effects have not yet been attracted by academia.Based on the connotation structure analysis of KIBS normalization and service productivity using EFA(Exploratory Factor Analysis) and CFA(Confirmatory Factor Analysis), the longitudinal influence path model and horizontal influence path model were proposed. The empirical studies of the above two model were confirmed and revised by path analysis of SEM(Structural Equation Modeling). Four issues were revealed. (1)The connotation structure of service normalization comprises input factor and transformation factor. (2)The connotation structure of service productivity can be characterized by internal performance and external performance, or by process performance and result performance. (3)Normalization can not directly affect result performance and external performance, but through process performance and internal performance respectively. (4)Normalization transformation factor plays important intermediary roles in the influence on the service productivity.
Entrepreneurial sponsorship is an important mean which government and society use to increase the success rate and performance of new ventures. Based on the data of 9 cities, 15 incubator, 265 startups of Zhejiang Province, we use multiple regression method to explore the relationship between two types of entrepreneurial sponsorship - government subsidies and network building - and new ventures performance, and analyze the moderating effect of organization age. The results reveals that:（1）government subsidies and network building both have positive impact on new ventures performance;（2）these two relationships are moderated by organization age, the former is negative, the latter is positive; 3）the positive effect of government subsidies is more significant than network building in the early time of firms are found, when firms grow to certain stage, this situation will reverse.
This paper takes 2436 Corporations of A shares as an example, using multiple linear regression descriptive statistics examines whether the technological innovation is a factor that affects the company's acquisition and how an acquisition affects technological innovation in subsequent years. Empirical analysis shows that：First， innovation level has a positive effect on increasing the company's performance，in other words， the innovation level can improve the performance of the company. Second， the companies who are weaker in innovation ability than others participate in the merger，overall the companies participate in the merger have a lower rising speed in innovation before merging than the companies did not participate ,though the empirical analysis shows innovation level have no significant effect on company M & A. Third， three years after merging ，the companies participated in the merger have a higher growth level of innovation capability than the companies did not participate in the merger， and the companies previously who are weaker in innovation capability are more effectively to enhance innovation ability through mergers and acquisitions .In a word，the mergers and acquisitions promoted the innovation of the enterprise ，and increased the performance of the enterprises in China
Based on the innovation production function which was used by Kortum and Lerner(2000) ,the promotion effect of VC to innovation is decomposed into capital efficiency and innovation efficiency. The empirical analysis based on regional perspective from year 2003 to 2012 shows that the VC can only bring capital efficiency, but can’t help to the innovation efficiency; Besides, the promotion effect of VC to technological innovation is better in Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, that is closely related to the innovative factor intensity and innovative ecological. In order to achieve a good combination of financial innovation and technology innovation and enhance the incentive effect of VC to technological innovation, the innovative factor intensity and innovative ecological should be improved.
Knowledge interaction of Industrial Technology Innovation Alliances shows the characteristics of industry-oriented ecological evolution. the theory of knowledge management , game theory and ecology are integrated to analyze this characteristics. The ecological relationship of Knowledge interaction in Industrial Technology Innovation Alliances is classified into three kinds such as interaction among Alliance members, interaction between government and Alliance and government- Alliance- members interaction. The relative three kinds of Knowledge interaction relationship models are set up based on revised Lotka-Volterra mode. And the Quantitative analysis and numerical simulation has been made. The results show that the factors like Knowledge absorptive capacity and the largest stock of knowledge have a positive feedback effect on Knowledge growth and balance. High efficiency equilibrium of Knowledge interaction can be achieved if the government injected the power of Knowledge growth into the Alliance and built the ecology of Reciprocal symbiosis and Commensalism.
Combining directional distance function and SBM model, this paper proposed green development efficiency (GDE) index reflecting the goals of energy conservation, emissions reduction, and economic growth. On this basis, this paper then decomposed GDE for empirically analyzing the current status and regional difference and its causes of China’s green development. The results show that: (1) during the period of 2001-2014, China’s green development showed a sound development momentum. Technological innovation had promoted China’s green development effectively and technological gap between regions gradually had been narrowed. However, the management problem had been intensifying ever since the beginning; (2) relying on its strong technological innovation, green development in the eastern region develops well. And green development in the central and western regions lags behind respectively because of the expansion of technology gap and the intension of management issues; (3) as China's green development shows distinct spatial the characteristics, the focuses of promoting green development for China’s provinces are quite different. This paper formulated green development strategies for China’s 30 provinces from three aspects of promoting technological innovation, narrowing technological gap, and optimizing management, noting the direction of provincial green development.
