Abstract: This article proposes three questions with regard to enterprises’ position in innovation system need to solve. The first is the Chinese context of enterprises-centered innovation system, the next two are theoretical content and policy mechanism about this issue under the marketization and globalization processes. We argue that, the enterprises rather than governments should be the center of innovation under the marketization progress; Chinese enterprises should become the contributors of global value create and the rulers of global value distribution; transforming the functions of government is the key point of constructing an enterprises-centered innovation system, and Chinese government should create a innovation-friendly environment through market mechanism and reduce the intervention on enterprise’s innovation activities directly.

摘要： 本文从三个亟待解决的理论命题出发，以企业技术创新主体问题的中国情境作为切入点，探讨在市场化和全球化进程中中国企业技术创新主体地位确立的理论内涵和政策机制。文章提出在市场化进程中，企业确立技术创新主体地位是创新体系围绕企业而不是政府运转；在全球化进程中，企业确立技术创新主体地位是本国企业成为全球价值创造和价值分配的主体；转变政府职能是企业技术创新主体地位确立的关键，在政策工具选择上要以完善市场环境和市场机制为主，减少对企业技术创新活动的直接干预。