Regulatory science is a kind of practice which can provide an insight into the pathway from limited scientific evidences to the formation of standard or policy during a certain period and often be employed in ecological,environmental and public health arena.Back-regulation refers to the phenomenon that China’s following WHO PM2.5 IT-1 standard preceded domestic research and land-based regulation.So only when back-regulation process embraces principles ‘good science’,‘usable science’ and ‘whose science’,can PM2.5 standard itself facilitates safeguarding public health,environment protection and green development substantially.
Sociology of translation uses "practice construction" instead of "social construction", emphasizes to understand the governance of technology in the process of practice by the last formation of society, and also has manifested the difference from Bloor in the understanding of society. By putting forward sociology of translation, Latour points out that the successful implementation of technology governance by science policymakers is because that they are able to form a strong heterogeneous type agent network, and the network construction success lies in they translate the relevant actors’ interests and win their support. By the case analysis on the anthrax vaccine technology invented by Pasteur as a science policymaker, we can better recognize technology governance in sociology of translation through "society", and provide beneficial references for people to make better technology governance.
The rapid development of technology and governance is the only way to achieve sustainable development to meet the need of energy, the environment and the challenges of climate change; however, technology governance is short of a clear conceptual framework. Based on the theory of collaborative governance and the technology research framework of "structure - process - relationship" , this framework implies the rear situation of “rear” factors, especially under the background of China, rear value brings about the impact and distortion to the technology policy implementation. Therefore, this paper puts forward "value - structure - process - relationship" technology collaborative governance framework and mechanism to explain how to adjust and shape the control technology form between the structure of collaborative governance body and the role and relationship of multiple subjects participate in the governance network in order to improve the acceptable degree of technology policy. The study results suggest that technology collaborative governance framework shall include scientific and technological personnel, association for science and technology, government, enterprises, colleges and universities, the financial sector, mediation and other social organizations and the public, and foreign department eight main body; Technical collaborative governance mechanism shall include accountability, participation mechanism, evaluation mechanism, communication mechanism and sharing mechanism. Research results suggest technical framework of collaborative governance and mechanism can apply and replicate the similar government governance issues to provide reference and experience for like ecological environment of collaborative governance, urbanization coordinated management of our country.
Using panel data of 66 typical countries in 1996-2013, this paper empirically studies the effect of government R&D fundings to technological progress. The results show that the effect of government R&D fundings to technology progress is different among countries. The regional estimation results show that the technology progress effect of government R&D fundings is affected by many factors. Among them, The effect is significantly positive in high income countries, significantly negative in nations of low income; Samely, The effect is positive in nations of high urbanization level, but government R&D fundings can not promote technological progress in the low level of urbanization countries; the coefficient of government R&D fundings in densely populated areas is significantly positive, while the coefficients are all significantly negative in the middle population area and sparsely populated district , and the coefficient of sparsely populated areas is higher than middle population area.
during the process of the developing country's manufacturing industry from low-end to high-end migration, a problem to be solved is how to achieve technological catch-up. To this end, the article takes the typical enterprise of mature industry in our country as the sample, using the grounded theory to study the technology catching up process in the developing countries, trying to make the research conclusion that has the potential social value. Based on the technological catch-up inertia conduction path model, the study found that: (1) different from the most studies results, inertia factors is not hindering factors in specific conditions, but to promote enterprise to realize the technology catch-up as the original driving factors; (2) in the different stages of technological catch-up, dominated inertia exhibits different characteristics and through the interaction between different inertia to drive technology catch-up process completed; (3) the role of achievement inertial is through the whole process of technology catch –up.
Japan, South Korea and France have set up sovereign patent funds in recent years, indicating that the competition models of patent market is in a new stage of development. Patent sovereign funds are of great significance in supporting the domestic industry to participate in international competition, but it may evolve into potential trade defense measures and stir a new round of global patent race. In practice, the Chinese government has also started a preliminary probe into the patent sovereign funds. How to improve market operations of sovereign patent funds, there are a few ways as follows: Firstly, optimizing patent market system; secondly, strengthening cooperation between the government and social capital; third, improving the patent prevention capacity against litigation risk; fourth, boosting up cooperations and exchanges of sovereign patent funds.
In order to study the effect of incubator network embeddedness on the entrepreneurship performance of high level talents, it focus on the study of the 378 high level talents’ startup businesses whose leaders are introduced by 50 national incubator in the south of Jiangsu province, and uses the structural equation model in analysis, the result indicates that: (1)Incubator network embeddedness not only play a partial intermediary role between resource support and performance, but also play a partial intermediary role between Incubator resource support and incubated enterprises’ resource acquisition; (2) Incubated enterprises’ resource acquisition not only play a partial intermediary role between resource support and performance, but also play a partial intermediary role between network embeddedness and performance; (3) The dual mediation effect of network embeddedness and incubated enterprises’ resource acquisition is greater than the single factor. It has significance for the incubator to shape the entrepreneurial ecosystem and introduce high level talents.
The success of entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurs has a direct bearing to the use of their social network. Using 230 survey sample of Re-entrepreneurship, from two aspects of individual and team social networks, this paper constructs the theoretical model of entrepreneurship social networks, entrepreneurship learning, entrepreneurship dynamic capabilities, resource integration and re-entrepreneurship performance, and analyzes the pathway of entrepreneurship social network to re-entrepreneurship under different entrepreneurship type and field. The research results show that a simple entrepreneurship failure has a negative effect on re-entrepreneurial performance, only after entrepreneurship learning, it can better promote re-entrepreneurial performance; there are three pathways of entrepreneurship social networks to re-entrepreneurial performance, among which entrepreneurship learning, entrepreneurship dynamic capabilities and resource integration play a mediating role. Under different entrepreneurship type and field, individual and team social networks have different degree of influence on re-entrepreneurship performance, and the pathway features and effects of the influence also have significant differences. Through the above analysis, not only can rich entrepreneurs to social network behavior theory knowledge, and to improve the business performance to provide realistic guiding significance.
Under the internet business ecosystem, advanced management knowledge spread spontaneously among multi-agent along the supply chain. Unfortunately, the existing research on the management knowledge transfer only focus on the binary bodies, leaving the above phenomena untouched. Based on the transmission similarity and system characteristics, this paper borrows the theory of chain reaction in nuclear physics to analyze the management knowledge transfer process, drawing three key elements for the chain reaction in management knowledge transfer: (1) multi agent participant and no monopoly in supply market; (2) management knowledge is efficiency; (3) high dependency among companies. The contribution of this paper lies on: theoretically, this paper preliminary identifies the laws of management knowledge transfer under multiple subjects, enriching the scope and power sources of management knowledge transfer; In practice, this paper provides management inspiration for firms’ management learning and management knowledge utilization.
This research aims to take Lenovo R&D organization as a case study, to systematically explore evolution path of organization ambidexterity, building competitive advantage for the processes, characteristics and reason. This research find that the key success factor of Lenovo for globalization is its competitive advantages built by its R&D organizational ambidexterity. This paper summarizes the process model of ambidexterity building competitive advantage. In addition, this article analyzed the reason of complex nested organizational ambidexterity promotes the fusion after emerging market corporate mergers and acquisitions developed multinational companies. It also reveals the literal problem of absorptive capacity for Chinese manufacture. The practical significance of this study is to guide Chinese enterprises to achieve organization ambidexterity, to obtain sustainable development competence for innovation and competitive advantage in globalization.
This paper aims to explore the influencing mechanism of initial cooperation basis and further cooperation process on technology learning effect through international cooperative production by a mediated moderation model using 119 sample data, with further cooperation process as the moderator and perceived difficulty and pressure as mediator. Moreover, Johnson-Neyman method is employed to examine the significance interval of contingency effect that further cooperation process moderates difficulty and pressure as well as technology learning effect. Results show that further cooperation process is positively related to technology learning effect, while difficulty and pressure displays no mediating role. Further cooperation process negatively moderates the initial cooperation basis-difficulty pressure nexus and the initial cooperation basis-technology learning nexus, which is mediated by difficulty and pressure. Hence, focus should be put on the interaction effect of initial cooperation basis and further cooperation process and the active efficacy of difficulty and pressure on technology learning effect of high end manufacturing.
This article proposes three questions with regard to enterprises’ position in innovation system need to solve. The first is the Chinese context of enterprises-centered innovation system, the next two are theoretical content and policy mechanism about this issue under the marketization and globalization processes. We argue that, the enterprises rather than governments should be the center of innovation under the marketization progress; Chinese enterprises should become the contributors of global value create and the rulers of global value distribution; transforming the functions of government is the key point of constructing an enterprises-centered innovation system, and Chinese government should create a innovation-friendly environment through market mechanism and reduce the intervention on enterprise’s innovation activities directly.
Taking the provincial area of the mainland of China as the research object, through the construction of innovation driven evaluation index system, and the use of spatial econometric analysis method, this paper investigates the impact of innovation driven on China's regional economic growth quality. The results show that innovation driven level of western region is higher than the central and western region. The innovation-driven has a significant effect on raising the economic growth quality of the whole country and the East. But its effect on the central region is not obvious. It even has a disadvantage effect on raising the economic growth quality of the western region. The conclusion of this paper is to implement the innovation driven development strategy, and to provide policy implications for the regional healthy development.
The paper, from the perspective of the transfer of patent right, demonstrates the patent right transfer behaviors is not only individual behavior through the two-way transfer of data by the patent 2002-2014 among 13 cities in Beijing、Tianjin and Hebei. In fact, the formation of collaborative innovation network in the middle area is promoted by the spatial structure and the synergic relationship of the patent transfer network. And it has fixed the cooperative role and innovation position of different cities in the network. The results show that: (1) Collaborative innovation network consisting of 13 cities has a Low density and good accessibility but is hierarchical. (2) From the view of space structure of network, synergy innovation network shows a center - half - inclusive - fragile composite structure. (3) In the view of network relations, patent transfer relationship shows—the net outflow, the net inflow, the broker, the main benefit—four plate relationship characteristics. The relationship coordination mechanism of the first plate is output - interaction - absorption. The relationship coordination mechanism of the second plate is reception. The relationship coordination mechanism of the third plate is reception and return - interaction - transfer. The relationship coordination mechanism of the fourth plate is reception and return. (4) Geographical Proximity, Economic Disparity and Administrative Grade are important explanatory factors, which can interpret the inherent structural characteristics and correlation of the patent transfer relationship network in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
