Abstract: Science and technology entrepreneurship is an important means to promote innovation driven development strategy and promote economic growth, but the mechanism of scientific and technical personnel’s entrepreneurial behavior in different dimensions of institutional environment is still not clear. In this paper, we discuss the relationship of institutional environment, scientific and technical personnel’s entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial behavior under the regulatory, normative, cognitive dimensions and the newly added conducive dimension. Through a research conducted by China Association for Science and Technology, which references 20000 scientific and technical personnel from 27 provinces and municipalities in china, we find that scientific and technical personnel’s entrepreneurial cognition has a positive effect on entrepreneurial behavior. Conducive environment and cognitive environment represented by the number of patents have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial behavior. However, the moderating effect of regulatory environment and normative environment is not significant. Finally, we put forward the optimization measures on the level of nation, region and individual.

摘要： 科技创业是推动创新驱动的发展战略、促进经济增长的重要手段，但在制度环境不同维度下科技人员创业行为的作用机理研究尚不充分。本文采用制度环境传统的规制、规范、认知三维度以及新的助力性维度，探讨制度环境、科技人员创业认知和创业行为之间的关系。通过参与中国科协对全国27个省和直辖市两万名科技人员进行的调查课题并进行数据分析后，本文发现，科技人员的创业认知正向影响创业行为，助力性制度环境和以专利数量为表征的认知环境对科技人员创业认知和创业行为的关系具有正向调节作用，而规制环境和规范环境的调节作用则不显著。最后本文从国家、地区和组织、科技人员个体等三个层面提出了优化措施。