Abstract: This article attempts to from the perspective of science capital to analysis different economic social and cultural status (ESCS) to prefer STEM career expectations by analyzing PISA2015 15-year-old student samples collected data to receive cause and effect mechanism. Through the empirical analysis found that science capital is the important path of different economic social and cultural status (ESCS) students transfer to different STEM career expectations. The ESCS advantage status is more obvious, science capital plays a mediator effect on STEM career expectations. And science capital on the middle and lower the influence of economic social and cultural status of students is limited. In this paper, the focus of two important dimensions of science capital endogenous science capital and exogenous structural science capital are effective reveals China's four provinces and cities (Beijing, Shanghai, jiangsu, guangdong) 15-year-old student’s STEM career expectations formation process.

摘要： 通过分析PISA2015数据所收集的15岁学生样本，本文试图从科学资本的视角探究不同经济社会文化地位（ESCS）的学生 STEM 职业期望产生的因果机制。通过实证分析发现，科学资本的传递是不同经济社会文化地位（ESCS）学生产生 STEM 职业期望分化的重要路径。其中，优势地位学生的表现较为明显，科学资本对STEM职业期望发挥着中介作用；而科学资本对中间和较低经济社会文化地位学生的影响是有限的。本文所关注的科学资本两个重要维度—内生的先赋性科学资本以及外生的结构性科学资本都有效的揭示了我国四省市（北京、上海、江苏、广东）15岁学生STEM职业期望的形成过程。