The democracy model of public engagement with science in science communication is realized through being translated into deliberative democracy. Public engagement with science has great achievements both of theories and practice. However, as in public policy, it also faces the dilemma of scientization and democratization of decision. The dilemma makes the public participate in science superficially. The root of the dilemma lies in the alienation of the public by institutional science which lacks of self-reflection. The alienation leads to the inequality of the public and scientists in the processes of deliberation. Actually, the publics and scientists have different types of knowledge and concern different dimensions of scientific risks. Through the division of epistemic labor that the public is responsible for the selection of objectives and scientists are responsible for the realization of the objectives, effective public engagement with science shall emerge.
This article attempts to from the perspective of science capital to analysis different economic social and cultural status (ESCS) to prefer STEM career expectations by analyzing PISA2015 15-year-old student samples collected data to receive cause and effect mechanism. Through the empirical analysis found that science capital is the important path of different economic social and cultural status (ESCS) students transfer to different STEM career expectations. The ESCS advantage status is more obvious, science capital plays a mediator effect on STEM career expectations. And science capital on the middle and lower the influence of economic social and cultural status of students is limited. In this paper, the focus of two important dimensions of science capital endogenous science capital and exogenous structural science capital are effective reveals China's four provinces and cities (Beijing, Shanghai, jiangsu, guangdong) 15-year-old student’s STEM career expectations formation process.
The study on systematic identification of “Sleeping Beauty” (SB) publications and on their awaking mechanisms will promote the strategic preservation of documents in libraries, and provide implications for identifying potential “ahead of time” discoveries or transformative research, and shortening time lag for original research to get recognized. Based on the data analysis and case studies, this paper figured out some key characteristics of SB publications. The content of SB papers tends to be multi-discipline research and most of which tend to be published in prestigious multidisciplinary journals with higher impact and wider scope. One is perhaps more inclined to believe that SB relate to more fundamental and basic, and less to application-oriented work. But a surprising finding is that half of the SBs are application oriented and significantly more cited in patents than ‘normal’ papers, which demonstrated the potential technical and application-research properties of SB. The key publications and pioneering works of the recent Nobel Prize winners for physiology and medicine are delayed-cited rather early-cited in the entire citation life-time of an article. We further suggested several clues for early identifying SB. First, Transformative research tend to be neglected or resisted by the scientific community initially and this neglect or resistance could be regarded as the key clue for the early prediction of SB literature. Publications belonging to so-called transformative research, even when less frequently cited than others, should be given special attention as early as possible, because they may suddenly attract many citations after a period of sleep. One could identify transformative research through some text terms (such as "disagree", "overcome", "break", "dispute"...). In order to discern such potential transformative research, we could observe whether the relevant documents get early citation from patents or not, because many SB documents tend to be technical research in nature and application-oriented. Second, the Bcp index proposed in our foregoing paper is more sensitive in identifying the “lower level SBs”, which refers to the case when the total citations and the maximum annual citations of SBs are not so high in comparison with other typical SBs. This index may be used to identify the papers at the sleeping-awakening interface, which provided new tools for arousing attention of the science community to previously overlooked but important research. We also pondered some policy implications about the associations of SB publications with transformative research, research front and research evaluation.
Knowledge fusion transformation (KFT) is the practice of cognitive agent’s complexity thinking based on multi-cognitive strategies in solving complex problems. In order to establish a more perfect collaborative innovation mechanism for solving the complex problems satisfactorily, KFT should adopt the integrated multi-cognitive strategies that take on "system" thinking as its basis, "life" metaphor as its basic form, "ecological" metaphor as its basic guarantee according to its connotation, characteristics，the need for multilateral collaborative innovation by following the basic feature of “non-machine” metaphor cognition; On methodological level, it also necessarily choose the integrated multi-cognitive approach that take on holism method as its guidance, new reduction cognitive methods as its specific means, network cognitive methods as its deepen way. Aimed at the simplicity thinking formed by "machine" metaphor cognitive, the multi-cognitive approach based on the cognitive agent’s sense accommodative organs, knowing and doing interactive organs integrated synthetically, can make the cognitive agent self-fulfill KFT by upward causality and downward causality, finally ensure that the complex problems are solved with collaborative innovation.
The cooperation of BRICs has opened second "golden ten years". In the past, BRICs countries have carried out fruitful cooperation in the fields of economy, energy and humanities. In the future, the scientific and technological cooperation will become a new bright spot for the cooperation of BRICs under the impetus of the wave of scientific and technological innovation. Patent applications and publication of scientific papers are one of the most important forms of this expression. Based on the WOS database, this paper retrieves and downloads scientific research papers of BRICS countries in the past ten years and analyzes their cooperation characteristics and the participation of countries along the Belt and Road. The research found that: scientific research cooperation between BRICs has completed the transformation of bilateral to multilateral; all countries have conducted extensive cooperation on major issues of their respective concerns; the influence of scientific research cooperation has been continuously improved, and the relative influence of scientific research has been closely linked to the response to social concerns; these hot issues led by national first-class university and top research institute; countries along the "Belt and Road" are actively involved in BRICS cooperation and are not affected by self-centered nodes in the whole cooperation network. Finally, we put forward policy suggestions from the BRICS cooperation advantages, balanced cooperation, mechanism construction and coordinated development of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Based on the theory of ecology, sci-tech financial ecosystem can divided into two parts: community subsystem and environment subsystem. Analyzed the hierarchical structure of sci-tech financial ecosystem, and built evaluation index system of sci-tech financial ecosystem. Using statistical data of Chinese 28 provinces from 2009 to 2015, based on the Perspective of velocity characteristics and mutation progression method and dynamic comprehensive evaluation model, evaluated Chinese sci-tech financial ecosystem from static and dynamic aspect. The results show that Chinese sci-tech financial ecosystem has a high level of development. About different economic zone, development level on eastern economic zone is much higher than the national average, most provinces have stronger resistance stability, but the trend of regional dynamic development is quite different; The development level and stability in central economic zone is the same as national average level, but the dynamic evaluation results show obvious polarization; It has a low development level of sci-tech financial ecosystem in western economic zone, but it has strong recovery force stability and dynamic growth tendency.
With private enterprises becoming the principal part of Chinese enterprises' internationalization, the problem of legitimacy within foreign market is emerging as the prominent management issue. The serious neglection in considerations of technological elements in this area will affect the effective acquisition of legitimacy. In this study, we explore the influencing mechanism of technological factors on legitimacy acquiring by basing on 26 transnational alliances of Zhejiang private enterprises’ internationalization. The results show that the different attributes of alliances determine the different ways of legitimacy spillovers within alliance, and then will lead to different legitimacy acquisition mechanisms, among which technological factors play unneglectable roles. This study shed light on theories of legitimacy and will give guidance to legitimacy acquisition for Chinese enterprises internationalization.
Based on the theory of spatial interaction and the existing literature, an antecedent theoretical model of cross-regional technology transfer efficiency was constructed from the perspectives of both sides of the technology and technology. Taking the output of Beijing technology to other 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2015 as the research object , The qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets is used to analyze the inherent interaction of multiple antecedents and the systematic influence of multiple antecedents on Beijing's technology transfer efficiency across regions. The study found that four configurations can drive high transfer efficiency: one is to focus on strong market size; second, geographically distanced and innovation environment as the core, institutional proximity and strong absorptive capacity as auxiliary conditions; third, weakness Absorptive capacity and institutional proximity as the core, high industrial agglomeration as ancillary conditions exist; Fourth, low market demand and geographical proximity as the core, the system as an adjunct to the existence of neighboring conditions. In addition there are three configurations lead to low transfer efficiency: First, all drivers are missing scenarios; Second, the high concentration of industries and the lack of market size is the key reason leading to low transfer efficiency; Third, the far geographical distance and low industrial agglomeration are leading to low transfer The key reason for efficiency. The research provides theoretical support and policy suggestions for revealing the mechanism of cross-regional technology transfer in Beijing.
Pilot and demonstration plants(PDP) is an important way towards the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, but there are few literature on the cooperative and management of PDP in enterprises. Started with the qualitative research of single case-PDP operation and management of Shaanxi Heavy Duty Automobile Co. Ltd, based on phenomenon capture, description, document and conceptualization of the main factors involved in PDP operation and management, the Important relevance between PDP effectiveness and both internal and external innovation networks was found. Through theoretical derivation, the hypothesis that internal and exterior innovation networks effect PDP effectiveness was proposed. Questionnaire is designed for large sample survey in the Shaanxi Heavy Duty Automobile Co. Ltd. The result shows that both the trust of internal innovation network and the external innovation network have positive impacts on the PDP effectiveness. However, External innovation network exerts more considerable influence, and their interactive makes operation of PDP more effective. To provide practical evidences for the acquisition, utilization and combination of elements in realization mechanism for effective operation of PDP is helpful to further clarify the process, system and structure of PDP management.
The impacts of artificial intelligence on industrial transformation have changed the practice of business management. However, constructed under the relatively stable order, the tradition management theory is difficult to explain the management problems in the era of artificial intelligence. In order to update the management theory, the paper discusses some impacts on management practices and theory brought by artificial intelligence. The impacts include: (i) the "transparency" of the stuff and the "humanization" of artificial intelligence, (ii) the diversification of internal and external environment which make the hierarchical management method difficult to adapt, (iii) precise performance revaluation and changes in requirements for job skills which lead to the revolution of the performance management process, and (iv) changes in the basis of industry competition which encourage enterprises to rethink their value propositions. The paper also proposes recommendations to develop management theory; including exploring the characteristics of artificial intelligence, borrowing other disciplinary theories and combining the management practices.
This study employs the two-stage bootstrapped truncated regression to investigate the impacts on the efficiency of chinese universities academic commercialization. For confirming this measurement framework, apply it to a empirical study of china’s universities academic Commercialization. The results show that, institutional environment, organization support and regional innovation environment have significant positive influence on the performance of universities academic commercialization, the entrepreneurial experience and commercialization strategy have not influenced. In the end, some policy recommendations are developed.
Governance of emerging technologies can not be avoided by how to deal with the uncertainty of emerging technologies. The established elite decision-making model not only can not deal with the social problems caused by the emerging technological uncertainty, but also has been strongly questioned by the broad public and controversy. Under the network system, the emerging technologies that are emerging through the negotiation and interaction of multiple actors to reduce the uncertainty of emerging technologies have become the key to governance of emerging technologies. The study uses the governance network theory as an empirical tool to analyze the policy game process of China's response to the uncertainty of genetically modified crops. The results show that the government, the market and the social civil through consultation and interaction are the response to the emerging technology uncertainty digestion factor. The research enlightenment is that the development of emerging technology policy needs social pre-value, which is the embodiment of process-oriented governance and the return of social public rights.
Abstract：The compatibility between organizations has become an important facilitator of knowledge transfer in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M＆A). Technological compatibility and routine compatibility are important elements of organizational compatibility. Technological compatibility represents the similarity between the partners participating in mergers and acquisitions, while routine compatibility reflects the similarity of the behaviors. Technological compatibility and routine compatibility are the driving factors of knowledge transfer in cross-border M＆A . Therefore, this paper combines technological compatibility, routine compatibility and knowledge transfer of cross-border M＆A into a research framework, and builds a conceptual model. 182 data collected by questionnaire survey are analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and LISREL 8.70. The results clearly show that both technological compatibility and routine compatibility have positive impacts on knowledge transfer in cross-border M＆A. In addition, the interaction of technological compatibility and routine compatibility significantly influences knowledge transfer cross-border M＆A.
Technology leap frogging is an important way for gazelle companies to establish the advantage of backwardness, to improve technological innovation and to obtain development opportunities. It is a significant to make use of external social network connections as an important mean to achieve technological leap frogging, in which simmelian ties serve as a key representation. Using the gazelle companies as the research object, this paper constructs the analysis framework of the functioning system between simmelian ties and technological leap frogging in the gazelle companies. It involves knowledge capturing and knowledge matching as variables to conduct empirical validation. The result shows that, strong simmelian ties have a significant improvement on knowledge capturing. Knowledge capturing has a positive impact on knowledge matching, and knowledge matching furtherly promotes technological leap frogging.
Innovative rural entrepreneurs can make achievements given the situation of cognitive deficiencies and lacking knowledge and experiences in the process of entrepreneurship. By using the lens of entrepreneurial learning and combining grounded theory approach and content analysis method, this paper analyzes 136 Chinese rural entrepreneurial stories, generates 6 entrepreneurial learning processes from the data: experimental learning, trial-and-error learning, improvisational learning, observational/investigation learning, vicarious learning and external advisory learning, which can be classified as direct learning and indirect learning, and obtains the quantitative characteristics of entrepreneurial learning processes and their usage in different entrepreneurial stages. Evidences show that direct learning is used more frequently than indirect learning, and observational/investigation learning, improvisational learning and external advisory learning are used more frequently than other kinds of learning. We also find that different learning mode exists in different entrepreneurial stages, and entrepreneurial learning behaviors occur most frequently in production stage.
Based on the perspective of innovation value chain, this paper divides the innovation process into two stages: R&D innovation stage and economic transformation stage. And this paper uses the super-efficiency DEA model to measure the two stages of innovation development efficiency of 30 provinces from 2001 to 2015, which are used as the comprehensive measuring index of regional innovation development. On this basis, the social network analysis method is used to study the spatial correlation network structure and driving factors of regional innovation development in China. The main results are as follows: ①The spatial correlation of the two stages of innovation development are gradually enhanced, but the network stability of the R&D innovation stage tends to decline, and the network stability in the economic transformation stage tends to rise. ②Innovation development network presents a significant core-edge distribution, and the eastern region and some inland provinces are at the core of the network. ③Spatial correlation network of two stages of innovation development can be divided into four functional blocks, including bidirectional spillover block, broker block, net spillover block and net beneficial block, but the same blocks at different stages contain different members. ④Regional differences in economic development and geographical proximity are beneficial to enhance the spatial correlation of the two stages of innovation development, and the regional differences in the level of human capital only have a significant impact on the spatial correlation of innovation development in the economic transformation stage. This study provides a policy reference for constructing cross-regional innovation network and realizing national innovation strategic objectives.
Building on the co-publication data of inter-regional ‘industry-university’ scientific cooperation (2010-2015), this paper examines the influence of the structure of ‘industry-university’ scientific network on regional innovation performance at municipal level. Using negative binomial regression, the panel modeling reveals following findings. Firstly, the closeness centrality and clustering coefficient of network facilitate regional innovation, while the structural hole and city degree centrality shows ignorable effects on regional innovation. Secondly, the influence of network structural on regional innovation varies according to the extent to which the regional institution develops. In addition, the study corroborates these finding via several robustness checking. Lastly, this paper concentrates energy on discussing the related policy implications of these findings and avenue for further study.
Based on the ambidextrous innovation, this study explores the impact of ambidextrous innovation on the construction of intellectual property capacity under the mediating role of knowledge field. Based on the different leaders' regulatory focus on the choice preference of ambidextrous innovation behavior, this paper explores the moderating effect of the two between ambidextrous innovation and intellectual property capacity. In this study, 378 firms are surveyed to do empirical research. The results show that both the exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation have inverted U impact on intellectual property creation capacity, and have a positive effect on the intellectual property protection capacity, but exploratory innovation has a negative effect on the intellectual property management capacity while exploitative innovation has a positive impact. The activity and openness of knowledge field play an intermediary role between exploratory Innovation and intellectual property capacity, as well as in the path between exploitative innovation and intellectual property capacity, but in different ways. Promotion regulatory focus has positive moderating effect on the relationship between exploratory innovation and intellectual property creation and utilization capacity, and has a negative moderating effect on exploratory innovation and intellectual property protection and management capacity; defensive regulatory focus has positive moderating effect on exploitative innovation and intellectual property creation, protection and management capacity, and has negative moderating effect between exploitative innovation and intellectual property utilization capacity.
By selecting Haier Group as the main case, Huawei Technologies co., LTD and TCL as the auxiliary cases, this research analyzes the co-evolution of international interface, resource system and technology innovation strategy during the three stages of internationalization. The results are as follows. Firstly, sequential evolutions and regulations of international interface, resource system and technology innovation strategy are concluded, including international interface evolving from “internal lead-in connections” to “global allocation connections”, resource system evolving from “associated industries resources” to “industry reputation resources” and technology innovation strategy evolving from “technology localization”, “external learning” to “global R&D”, “strategic learning”. Secondly, the static adaptation and dynamic co-evolution of these three aspects are analyzed, and the co-evolution model has been proposed.
Abstract: Ambidextrous leadership (AL) is a new emerging topic in the field of organizational behavior and human resource management, whose application and effect are worth investigating. Based on knowledge management, we proposed a “loose-tight” leadership congruence model, that is “high-high”, “low-low”, “high-low” and “low-high”, and we discuss the relationship between AL congruence model and innovation performance of scientific research team. The study research shows that: (1) the more aligned loose leadership and tight leadership are, the better the tacit knowledge sharing and “high-high” is better than “low-low” when they are aligned; (2) tacit knowledge sharing play a mediation role between AL congruence model and innovation speed and innovation quality; (3) team size moderates the relationship between AL congruence model and tacit knowledge share when team size is high rather than low.
