Abstract: Organizational coordination theories in western worlds share a common assumption that a balance between the overall efficiency and individual benefits is a must. It is demonstrated, however, by carefully reviewing the history of leprosy and malaria epidemic preventions that, other modes of coordination beyond the market mechanisms can also be achieved. In so-called “Great Battles”, workgroups with limited power and responsibility, along with the site meetings and training seminars they organized, played an important role in the bottom-up selection and top-down diffusion of the “best practices”. Responding to the societal challenges directly and getting rid of sectionalism, additionally, meet the principle of disinterestedness at large that is urgently needed for scientific development. Diffusion-oriented achievements can be thus found in mission-oriented projects like these. Those are the historical experiences that we have to face properly.

摘要： 西方的组织协调理论以个体利益和整体效率的平衡作为核心假设，全然忽略了。通过回溯前三十年麻风和疟疾防疫的历史，研究发现，市场机制以外的组织协调模式是可能的。“大会战”中组织协调主要依赖于有限责权的工作组和各种形式的现场会、培训班实现了自下而上再自上而下的经验遴选和扩散。直接回应社会挑战，去除了本位主义的藩篱，满足了科学发展所必需的无私利性原则，也让两个短期的任务导向的工作具有了长期扩散导向的意义。这些都是我们必须正视的历史经验。