The core issue of autonomous vehicles is the moral choices that should be made when autonomously driving a car in a car accident. Is it to save the driver, passenger or pedestrian? Faced with this problem, scholars have put forward their own opinions from the perspective of self-driving cars. These opinions are based on corresponding ethical principles, such as utilitarianism, egoism, and Kant's obligation theory, but they all have certain problems. Starting from the driver itself, this paper proposes a method of self-selection of moral principles to solve this ethical problem. This method includes ethical intuitionism and self-predetermined moral choice. The method proposed in this paper pulls the way of thinking from the perspective of intelligent machines back to human beings, providing another perspective for the problem.
Organizational coordination theories in western worlds share a common assumption that a balance between the overall efficiency and individual benefits is a must. It is demonstrated, however, by carefully reviewing the history of leprosy and malaria epidemic preventions that, other modes of coordination beyond the market mechanisms can also be achieved. In so-called “Great Battles”, workgroups with limited power and responsibility, along with the site meetings and training seminars they organized, played an important role in the bottom-up selection and top-down diffusion of the “best practices”. Responding to the societal challenges directly and getting rid of sectionalism, additionally, meet the principle of disinterestedness at large that is urgently needed for scientific development. Diffusion-oriented achievements can be thus found in mission-oriented projects like these. Those are the historical experiences that we have to face properly.
Through the combing of the transdisciplinary concept, it is considered that the transdisciplinary is the knowledge innovation based on the model 3 knowledge production, covering the coding knowledge and the tacit knowledge, breaking through the inherent knowledge boundaries of each single discipline and the discipline itself. There is no paradigm in transdisciplinary, and complexity studies are its common academic hard core. In the information network society, the transdisciplinary focus on the integration of subject and non-disciplinary knowledge, focusing on the integration between different levels, is a multi-level, multi-dimensional knowledge cluster. The transdisciplinary nature of human settlement science lies in the complexity, multidimensionality and multi-values of human settlements. The concept of human settlements contains almost all the life of human society, and the lines of sight of different disciplines can overlap on the subject of "human settlements". Human habitation is a booster that human beings differentiate from nature and is independent of the world. It is an important foundation for the formation of human thinking and the formation of values. Habitat science is a process in which researchers, designers, builders, users, etc. jointly express new aspirations, jointly achieve a consensus from theory to method, and jointly generate new knowledge. The transdisciplinary nature of human settlement science is an open academic system with complex research as the core, human settlement system and social information network system, and a large number of knowledge clusters and discipline clusters as the main body.
Based on the 2003-2015 Chinese provincial panel data, this paper uses the DEA-Malmquist model to measure the change of total factor productivity in China's manufacturing industry, and empirically tests the impact of intelligentization on total factor productivity and its mechanism. Malmquist calculation results show that the total factor productivity of China's manufacturing industry is growing at an average annual rate of 8.2% during the study period, and the growth is mainly contributed by technological progress; the growth of total factor productivity in manufacturing exists obvious regional heterogeneity, the western region has the fastest growth, followed by the eastern and central regions. The empirical results show that: intelligentization significantly promotes the growth of total factor productivity, and intelligentization promotes total factor productivity by promoting the growth of technological progress. Intelligentization has no obvious promotion effect on the technical efficiency of manufacturing; intelligentization has significantly promoted the growth of total factor productivity in the central and western regions, and it has a greater role in promoting total factor productivity in the western region, but not in the eastern region.
In the context of the manufacturing industry returning to the major developed countries and the increasing participation rate of the mainland and the entire Southeast Asian in the global value chain, Hong Kong is facing the threat of losing competitive advantage due to the Industrial Hollowing. Therefore, Hong Kong's industrial structure is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading, and re-industrialization is imperative. Based on the definition of re-industrialization, the article analyzes the characteristics of Hong Kong's industrial structure and the influence of industrial hollowing out through statistical data, and then proves the necessity of re-industrialization in Hong Kong. The facts are used to demonstrate the impact of the value chain of intelligent manufacturing on the development of Hong Kong's industry, the advantages of Hong Kong's re-industrialization and the feasibility of re-industrialization in Hong Kong from the perspective of intelligent manufacturing. On this basis, Hong Kong's re-industrialization in the field of intelligent manufacturing was conducted through case studies.
Based on the method of reflection, this paper measures the capacity of China's manufacturing exporting firms, which shows an in-homogeneous distribution. This paper use the micro-data of industrial firm database and customs database from 2000 to 2006 to explore how R&D affects total factor productivity for firms with different capacity. The results show that both R&D and capacity facilitate the improvement of total factor productivity; China’s firms generally show the characteristics of product innovation; non-state-owned firms and tax incentive firms show the characteristics of product innovation, state-owned firms and subsidized firms show the characteristics of process innovation; China's medium and high technology industry have not demonstrated the characteristics of product innovation models. China should implement inclusive tax incentives rather than selective industrial policies to make market competition work and encourage firms to improve their product innovation models and productivity levels.
Niche selection reflects the subject's utilization of resources and adaptation to the environment.?Incubators?have?the marketization and clustering development,?but most incubators have single revenue model and rely on government subsidies.?In view of this trend, the paper?studies how niche width and overlap?affect?the incubators’?performance?of?market?recognition and?government?recognition. The?paper chooses?147 incubator samples of Hangzhou future city?from 2015 to 2018?to?do empirical?study,?the conclusion?shows?that?in terms of market recognition, niche overlap has a significant negative impact?and?in terms of government recognition, niche width has a significant positive impact, while the interaction term between niche width and overlap degree has a significant negative impact and there is a double threshold effect. Therefore, the?paper ?proposes that the marketization operation of incubators should be guided by the uniqueness, and local governments should strengthen the internal combination of government recognition and market recognition?to form good guidance?for??incubator clusters .
Studying the impact of China's patent protection intensity on the development of high-tech industries is of great significance for customers to view the level of Chinese patent protection. When measuring the strength of patent protection, combined with the strength of patent legislation protection and the intensity of law enforcement protection; the index of law enforcement protection intensity includes the number of patent agents, the rate of patent infringement administrative cases, the patent infringement judicial award rate, and the number of patent applications per capita, so that The evaluation indicator system is more scientific and practical. The analysis of multiple regression models was carried out step by step. It was found that the improvement of patent protection intensity in the linear regression model can effectively explain the improvement of the development level of high-tech industries. In the multiple linear regression model, the strength of patent protection in China is high-tech industry development. The impact is weakened and cannot even have a significant impact. The reason may be that the enforcement of patents in China still needs further improvement, especially in the area of judicial infringement. The calculation of patent protection intensity needs to be targeted and scientific. The protection intensity of patent legislation in China has reached a high level, but the level of law enforcement protection needs to be further improved.
Based on the longitudinal case study of Huawei Group, this study tries to answer the question of how latecomer firms make legitimacy strategy choice under the background of "liability of origin”. Firstly, this paper identifies the "ceiling" effect of legitimacy cost on the strategic choice of latecomer firms. Latecomer firms will make legitimacy strategy choices based on the legitimacy pressure and cost. Secondly, this paper also identifies the direct and indirect type of legitimacy strategies of the latecomer enterprises and reveals the internal mechanism. Finally, this paper explores the strategic choice and evolution process of the latecomer firms` legitimacy strategy from a dynamic perspective. The conclusion of this paper is expected to contribute to the legitimacy theory in the context of latecomer firms` internationalization.
The optimization of entrepreneurial ecosystem is an important issue facing the current entrepreneurial practice in China, and it is also a hot topic in the field of entrepreneurial research. The entrepreneurial policies plays an important role in optimizing the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and is a useful perspective for understanding the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Constructing a theoretical analysis framework of the “subject-environment” entrepreneurial ecosystem based on policy perspective. Taking a sample of 4391 national-level entrepreneurial policies from 1978 to 2018, using the policy bibliometrics and policy content analysis method, studies the development process and evolution characteristics of China's entrepreneurship ecosystem from the entrepreneurial subject and the entrepreneurial environment. The results show that: the nature of the entrepreneurial subject group evolved from the dominant subject, the elite subject, and the weak subject to the mass subject; the first element of the entrepreneurial environment evolved from entrepreneurial propaganda, social entrepreneurship training to the physical infrastructure; and the coordinated development of the multi-field external elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem has initially emerged.
Maker space is an important carrier to support the innovation and entrepreneurship of new venture, the entrepreneurial environment of maker space is an important factor affecting the new venture performance. This study explores the impact mechanism of maker space entrepreneurial environment on the new venture performance from the perspective of entrepreneurial ecosystem. An empirical study was conducted by taking 1902 maker spaces that have been included into the management service system of national science and technology business incubator as the research sample, and R language tool is used for verification. The results show that the platform cooperation environment, entrepreneurial training environment and financial support environment of maker space have a significant positive impact on the capital performance, talent performance and innovation performance of new venture. And the technology supply environment has a significant positive impact on the capital performance of new venture. The type of entered entrepreneurial team plays a moderating role in the impact of entrepreneurial environment on the new venture performance. The type of executive turnover has positive moderating effect between the technology supply environment and the capital performance of new venture. The type of scientific and technical personnel has a negative moderating effect between the platform cooperation environment and the capital performance of new venture. The type of returned from abroad has a positive moderating effect between the entrepreneurial training environment and the capital performance and innovation performance of new venture. The type of college students has negative a moderating effect between the financial support environment and the capital performance and innovation performance of new venture. The conclusions provide practical guidance for improving the new venture performance, helping entrepreneurs choose the maker space and the construction of the maker space.
Based on the investigation of 376 rural entrepreneurs in rural tourist spots of Hunan and Guangxi, the paper discusses the influence of Internet embedding on their entrepreneurial performance from the perspective of ambidextrous entrepreneurship learning. The results show that :(1) Internet embedding has a significant positive impact on the exploratory entrepreneurial learning, exploitative entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial performance of rural entrepreneurs; (2) Both exploratory and exploitative entrepreneurial learning play an intermediary role between Internet embedding and entrepreneurial performance; (3) Compared with the consistency of "low exploration-low exploitation " entrepreneurial learning, the entrepreneurial performance of peasant entrepreneurs is higher under the consistency of "high exploration-high exploitation" entrepreneurial learning; Compared with the inconsistency of "high exploration-low exploitation" entrepreneurship learning, in the case of "low exploration-high exploitation" entrepreneurship learning, the entrepreneurial performance of peasant entrepreneurs is higher. The more consistent the exploratory entrepreneurial learning and the exploitative entrepreneurial learning, the higher the entrepreneurial performance of the peasant entrepreneurs will be. (4) Entrepreneurial efforts positively regulate the relationship between Internet embedding, exploratory entrepreneurial learning and exploitative entrepreneurial learning, respectively.
As an important factor for the organization to achieve and maintain long-term success, the sustainable competitive advantage has been widely valued by the academic and theoretical field, but the existing researches lack the integration perspective of internal and external factors to explore the formation mechanism of sustainable competitive advantage. Hence, based on the resource-based theory, this research establishes a model to investigate the impact of boundary-spanning search on sustainable competitive advantage and examine the mediation role of knowledge integration from the viewpoint of external knowledge acquisition and internal knowledge integration. With advanced manufacturing firms as the research objects, empirical study is conducted based on 316 effective questionnaires. The results show that proactive boundary-spanning search and following boundary-spanning search have inverted U-shaped influence on sustainable competitive advantage; and both types of boundary-spanning search have positive influence on knowledge integration. Moreover, knowledge integration has an inverted U-shaped effect on sustainable competitive advantage. The results further indicate that the effects of proactive boundary-spanning search and following boundary-spanning search on sustainable competitive advantage are partially mediated by knowledge integration.
The article use the data of Manufacture industries and Information technology industries listed companies to study the impact of the performance dilemma on the firms’ R&D smoothing and the regulation role of government R&D subsidies. The study found that the performance dilemma has a significantly negative effect on the firms’ R&D smoothing, and this negative effect is more obvious in small-size firms. Government R&D subsidy has a significant negative adjustment effect on the relationship between performance dilemma and the firms’ R&D smoothing. That is, government R&D subsidies alleviate the negative impact of the performance dilemma on the firms’ R&D smoothing. Compared with large-scale firms, the negative adjustment effect is more obvious in small-size firms.
The importance of technological innovation for the development of modern society is self-evident, but the series of risks and their harmfulness brought about by the process of scientific and technological innovation cannot be ignored. The practice of criminal regulations as a customary risk management tool is also receiving increasing attention. Close observation of China's criminal law can be found that China's criminal law is incapable of regulating the risks of scientific and technological innovation because of the "limitation of lawmaking of civil law" and "constraints of the principle of legality of crimes and punishments". At present, the concept of regulation, focusing on the priority of scientific and technological innovation means excluding the intervention of criminal law, and paying attention to the priority of criminal law system will also restrict the development of science and technology. Therefore, balancing the technological innovation and the time of criminal law’ intervention becomes the key to correctly solve this problem. In view of the large number of scientific innovation risks, in the future regulation process, on the one hand, the risk of science and technology innovation itself can be differentiated and regulated through objective imputation theory; on the other hand, the behavior that may abuse science and technology in the future should be added a “crime of abuse of science and technology” to respond.
