Abstract: Differenting from the fixed paradigm of existing research on agglomeration issues, this paper puts forward the concept of “inducible agglomeration” based on whether there is government intervention,and builds indicators to measure the intensity of government-induced agglomeration, and measures the index with the data of China’s industrial enterprises database. Then, combining theoretical deduction and empirical research, this paper examines the resource misallocation channels that government-induced agglomeration affects economic growth. In the part of theoretical analysis, this paper differentiates the two situations of “active agglomeration” and “inducible agglomeration” to deduce, and puts forward the theoretical hypothesis that government-induced agglomeration affects resource mismatch and thus economic growth. The empirical part makes a textual research on the theoretical hypothesis from the macro-perspective and micro-enterprise level. The results show that: first, government-induced agglomeration has distinct regional heterogeneity.Concretely, in areas with high level of economic development, government-induced agglomeration has a positive effect on economic growth,and also, government-induced agglomeration is more effective in areas with high mismatch of resources, and its impact on economic growth is greater in areas with high mismatch of capital than in areas with high mismatch of labor. The micro-level arguments also support the above conclusions. Secondly, the enterprises in development zones do have advantages over those in non-development zones in reducing resource mismatch and economic growth, but the advantages are relatively weak, and the TFP of enterprises in development zones is uneven. Both of them may be the reasons for the negative effect of government-induced agglomeration on the whole. Thirdly, the case analysis shows that the economic growth in the central region is more allocated to the enterprises with larger TFP, which effectively promotes the regional economic growth, but the backward or low TFP enterprises survive in the market, which also leads to the urgent need to promote the optimization of business environment in the central region. Fourthly, the scale of enterprises cluster in the park, which includes all kinds of factors, still promotes the regional economic growth, which emphasizes that the government intervention needs to strengthen the effectiveness.

摘要： 有别于已有集聚议题研究的固定范式，本文依集聚是否存有政策趋使提出“诱导集聚”概念，构建指标衡量政府诱导集聚强度，并结合中国工业企业数据库数据对该指标进行了测度。进而结合理论推演和实证研究考察了政府诱导集聚影响经济增长的资源错配渠道。理论分析部分，本文区分了“自主集聚”和“诱导集聚”两种情境进行演绎，提出政府诱导集聚影响资源错配从而经济增长的理论假说。实证部分则从宏观视阈和微观企业层面对理论假说进行了考证。结果表明：第一，政府诱导集聚具有鲜明的地区异质性。一是在经济发展水平较高的地区，政府诱导集聚对经济增长表现出正向的促进作用。二是相比劳动错配，政府诱导集聚在资本错配程度高的地区效用较大，政府诱导集聚在资本错配程度高的地区对经济增长的影响效力更大。微观层面的论证也支持了上述结论。第二，开发区企业在降低资源错配和促进经济增长方面较非开发区企业确有优势，但这种优势是比较微弱的，以及开发区企业TFP参差不齐、开发区均衡布局趋势等可能是引致政府诱导集聚整体表现负效应的原因，可见这种负向冲击可能是由政府诱导集聚在地区选址和企业选择偏向上的扭曲导致。第三，案例分析表明，中部地区经济增长更多地配置到TFP较大的企业，有效推动了地区经济增长，但是落后的或者TFP较低的企业存活于市场也导致中部地区亟待推进营商环境的优化。第四，综合各类因素在内的园区企业集聚规模仍然推动了地区经济增长，这强调了政府干预需强化有效性。