Abstract: As the trade friction between China and the United States continues, the cultural differences between countries have become an important factor affecting international trade. This article measures the cultural heterogeneity with the new cultural distance. Under the conditions of controlling the institutional distance, geographical distance and differences in digital technology applications, the 2008-2017 integrated panel data is used to empirically test the mechanism and effect of cultural heterogeneity on manufacturing export. The results show that: (1) cultural heterogeneity helps to increase the export scale of manufacturing; (2) the impact of cultural heterogeneity on exports has two kinds of "multiple demand positive effect" and "transaction cost reverse effect" Mechanism; (3) The application of digital technology weakens the positive effect of diversified demand and the reverse effect of transaction costs, and overall reduces the positive effect on manufacturing exports. Therefore, policy should pay attention to the complementarity between technology and culture, and promote the development of international trade through the two-wheel drive of culture and technology.

摘要： 随着中美贸易摩擦的持续，国与国之间的文化差异成为影响国际贸易的重要因素。本文以新文化距离衡量文化异质性，在控制了制度距离、地理距离和数字技术应用差异等因素的条件下，通过2008-2017年的整合面板数据，实证检验了文化异质性对制造业出口影响的机制及效应。结果显示：（1）文化异质性有助于提升制造业的出口规模；（2）文化异质性对出口的影响存在着“多元化需求正向效应”和“交易成本逆向效应”两种机制；（3）数字技术的运用弱化了多元化需求的正向效应和交易成本的逆向效应，总体上降低了对制造业出口的正向效应。因此，政策上应重视技术与文化之间的互补性，通过文化和技术的双轮驱动推动国际贸易发展。