Abstract: Neuroethics is a new intersectional research field between neuroscience, neurotechnology and humanities. The rapid development of cutting-edge scientific and technological tools such as neuroscience, neurotechnology, artificial intelligence and big data is enabling knowledge, methods and technologies in the field of brain research to be translated more and more rapidly into the fields of medicine, psychobehavioral research and public life, and to play an increasingly important role in contributing to national scientific and technological advancement and economic social development. However, due to the potential possibilities, novelty of application, and uncertainty of consequences of neuroscience and neurotechnology, the convergence of these new knowledge, methods, and technological tools, etc. may bring about a series of significant ethical, legal, and social implications. On the basis of bibliometrics, review and analysis, the article discusses three aspects of neuroethics, including current research status, major issues and practical challenges, hoping to explore neuroethics adequate to China's national conditions and socio-cultural background on the basis of absorbing international research achievements and experiences, and to promote responsible innovation in neuroscience and neurotechnology and protect public rights and interests.

摘要： 神经伦理学是神经科学技术与人文学科之间新的交叉研究领域。神经科学技术、人工智能和大数据等前沿科学和技术工具的迅猛发展使得大脑研究领域中的知识、方法和技术等正越来越快地被转化到医学、心理行为研究、公共生活等领域中，并且在促进国家科技实力提升和经济社会发展方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，由于神经科学技术潜在的可能性、应用的新颖性和后果的不确定性，这些新知识、方法和技术工具等的会聚可能带来一系列重大的伦理、法律和社会影响。在文献计量、综述和分析的基础上，文章从神经伦理学的研究现状、主要问题和实践挑战等三个方面展开论述，希望在吸收国外研究成果和经验的基础上，探索适合我国国情和社会文化背景的神经伦理学，促进我国神经科学技术的负责任创新，保护公众的权益。