Since the 21st century,emerging technologies have shown a penetrating intervention on human subjectivity and ecosystem,which has caused two social dilemmas:first,the innovative development of science and technology has been involved in experimentation into the society,breaking the linear dichotomy between knowledge production and knowledge application,so we should advocate the combination of knowledge production and governance effectiveness,and reshape the paradigm of social experiment for science and technology governance;second,the uncertainty of science and technology weakens the robustness of the construction of the realistic order,the priority of rational legislation and the authority of empirical knowledge as the basis of decision-making are challenged,and the effectiveness of the traditional code of conduct in the new social situation is constrained,so it is necessary to seek a new mechanism for sustainable development of human beings through efficient exploratory social experiment,and therefore we should advocate a science and technology governance concept of reflective development.
Neuroethics is a new intersectional research field between neuroscience, neurotechnology and humanities. The rapid development of cutting-edge scientific and technological tools such as neuroscience, neurotechnology, artificial intelligence and big data is enabling knowledge, methods and technologies in the field of brain research to be translated more and more rapidly into the fields of medicine, psychobehavioral research and public life, and to play an increasingly important role in contributing to national scientific and technological advancement and economic social development. However, due to the potential possibilities, novelty of application, and uncertainty of consequences of neuroscience and neurotechnology, the convergence of these new knowledge, methods, and technological tools, etc. may bring about a series of significant ethical, legal, and social implications. On the basis of bibliometrics, review and analysis, the article discusses three aspects of neuroethics, including current research status, major issues and practical challenges, hoping to explore neuroethics adequate to China's national conditions and socio-cultural background on the basis of absorbing international research achievements and experiences, and to promote responsible innovation in neuroscience and neurotechnology and protect public rights and interests.
Talent introduction policy has an important influence on regional talent resources and their innovative development. Using the spatial panel data of 60 large and medium-sized cities in China from 2014 to 2019, an evaluation index was established through the classification of talent introduction policy tools, and a spatial Dubin model was constructed based on the spatial effect of factor flows to empirically test the impact of talent introduction policy and its spatial spillover on regional innovation and development. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between talent introduction policies and urban innovation performance. The space of talent introduction policies in economically developed regions is better than that in less developed regions. There is a nonlinear U-shaped spatial spillover in the influence of talent introduction policy on regional innovation performance, which promotes the improvement of regional overall innovation capability. The spatial spillover effect of talent introduction policies is significantly different in different cities. The scale effect of talent introduction has a nonlinear feature of increasing "marginal effect" on the improvement of regional innovation performance, and the flow speed of talent is positively correlated with the improvement of urban innovation performance. The conclusion of this study has implications for evaluating the effect of talent introduction policy, improving the differentiation strategy of local talent introduction and regional talent distribution.
The workforce ecosystem (WE) has become the new normal of organization’s workforce structure in the era of digital intelligence, while there is still a lack of systematic theoretical system construction. By applying ecology and ecosystem concepts to explain the structure of the organization's diverse and hybrid workforce system, this research innovatively proposes the WE theory and discusses its theoretical framework. The results show that: (1) As a deepening and expansion of the existing workforce structure theory, WE presents the evolutionary trend of "traditional organization→Shamrock Organization→Four-Leaf Clover Organization→WE", and it has the basic characteristics of diversified mix, human-machine symbiosis, value co-creation, coopetition, and self-organized evolution. (2) The basic structure of WE includes actors (sub-system of workforce subject, employer subject, and customer) and non-actor environment, and the food chain and food web jointly constitute the workforce nutrition structure, which drives the dynamic evolution of WE. (3) Material circulation, energy flow, and information transmission constitute WE's metabolic function. Producers, consumers, decomposers of workforce and environmental subsystems interact and drive WE’s self-organization and dynamic evolution iterations.
This paper puts forward the TOE integrated analysis framework of the performance improvement path of manufacturing green transformation, and uses fs-QCA method to analyze the cases of manufacturing green transformation in 30 provinces in China. The study found that: (1) From 2010 to 2019, the green transformation performance of China's manufacturing industry showed a good trend of steady increase, and had obvious phased characteristics; (2) The green transformation performance of manufacturing industry is the result of the complex action of multiple conditional variables. There are three driving modes of high green transformation performance, namely, support pull type, competition pull collaborative type and information-based leading type. The technical conditions, especially the information level, play a major role in it, and the support pull type is the most widely distributed; (3) There are two performance driven modes of non high green transformation, namely, pressure damage type and respect and treatment type, in which environmental conditions play a key role, and pressure damage type is the most common; (4) Full government support is an indispensable organizational condition for the green transformation of manufacturing industry. The research broadens the application scope of relevant theories and provides experience for the practice of green transformation of manufacturing industry.
In the context of the dual cycle, the integration of the digital economy and high-tech industries will help promote the construction of a domestic and international dual cycle pattern. This article decomposes the digital economy into digital industrialization and industrial digitization, and creatively develops the "digital production function". Measure the way of industrial digitization under the framework, and propose the influence mechanism of the digital economy on the development of high-tech industries, including foreign trade exports and domestic demand. This paper uses high-tech industry data and the measured digital industrialization and industrial digitization related index data, and uses panel data model and panel threshold model to study the relationship between digital economy and high-tech industry output, including foreign trade exports and domestic demand. The research found that: industrial digitalization has a positive effect on foreign trade exports, and digital industrialization has no effect on foreign trade exports; there is a "U"-shaped relationship between industrial digitalization and foreign trade exports, and there is a "U" between digital industrialization and domestic demand The relationship between digital industrialization and industrial digitization is mutually advancing, but the current level of synergy is not high; industrial digitization and foreign trade export levels are low, and the positive contribution of industrial digitization to foreign trade exports is not high; industrial digitization is positive for domestic demand The directional effect increases as the level of industrial digitization increases, and increases first and then decreases as the level of domestic demand increases.
Achieving the goal of carbon neutrality requires high-quality decarbonization, that is, relying on scientific and technological innovation to control the cost of decarbonization and achieve coordinated development of carbon neutrality and the economy. Firstly, on the basis of defining the concepts and relationships of carbon neutrality and decarbonization, and in terms of technology and capital intensiveness, this paper explained the scientificity and necessity of relying on technological innovation to control the cost of decarbonization. Secondly, it proposes to rely on technological innovation to optimize path of controlling decarbonization costs, that is, to optimize the combination of decarbonization technology innovation, optimize the spatial layout of decarbonization technology innovation, and optimize the time schedule of decarbonization technology innovation. Finally, this paper elaborate the policy optimization path for the key core technologies of carbon neutral.
Lanzhou New Area has been given the strategic mission of "an important economic growth pole in the Northwest", but can this old policy "innovation" still exert policy effects and realize the "curve overtaking" in the development of underdeveloped areas? In order to clarify this issue, this paper collected panel data of 15 provincial capital cities from 2005 to 2019 through the synthetic control method, and used the establishment of the Lanzhou New Area in 2012 as a quasi-natural experiment to test the economic growth policy effect of the establishment of the Lanzhou New Area. The empirical results show that the establishment of the Lanzhou New Area has indeed promoted the growth of the regional economy, and this conclusion is robust, indicating that the old policy "innovation" of setting up a national-level new district can still be used as a tool for "overtaking on corners" in underdeveloped regions. Economic growth, but there is still a certain gap between the development of Lanzhou New Area and other state-level new areas, indicating that policy innovation requires matching policy infrastructure, and they need to be built and improved in the future.
At present, more researches focus on the identity of researchers as "tool people", while few focus on the identity of researchers as "social people". In this study, The research subjects were researchers from various institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the data were collected by questionnaire survey. The results of statistical analysis showed that: (1) Living logistics support for research positively motivates the researchers' performance behavior. Living logistics support for research can not only reduce dissatisfaction, but also play an incentive role in the performance of researchers.（2）Research conditions, the evaluation rationality on science and technology are important factors of research production, which have a significant impact on the performance behavior of researchers.（3）The factors of living logistics support for research have different effects on the performance behavior of researchers. Housing support and the support of children's school entrance education have significant effects on researchers' performance behavior, while health care support has no significant effect.（4）Housing support and the support of children's school entrance education have different effects on the performance behavior of researchers with different demographic characteristics. Researchers who are below 45 would attach more importance to housing support and the support of children's school entrance education. Men pay more attention to the support of children's school entrance education, while women pay more attention to the support of children's school entrance education. On this basis, the research results are discussed and analyzed, which can provide reference for the introduction of support policy about living logistics support for research.
The promotion effect of reverse spillover knowledge on the technological progress of investment enterprises has always been a research hot spot, but the current research system has not yet revealed its mechanism from a deeper level. With the help of Knowledge Structure Theory, our paper explores the mechanism and evolution characteristics of OFDI reverse spillover knowledge on the technological progress of investment enterprises from the dimensions of breadth, depth and intensity, and we use the data of 123 listed Chinese manufacturing companies to test the research hypotheses. The main conclusions are as follows: Chinese foreign direct investment enterprises acquire overseas reverse spillover knowledge to promote their own technological progress. The richer the industry scope, technical scope and product type involved in the reverse spillover knowledge, the more conducive the investment enterprise to achieve technological progress. The higher the level of specialization of reverse spillover knowledge, the easier it is for the investing enterprise to achieve technological progress. In addition, this promotion effect is also positively moderated by the number and frequency of knowledge interactions between affiliated firms. With the increase of feedback knowledge and the increasingly rigid relationship between the core domain knowledge and development mode of investment enterprises, the depth of OFDI reverse spillover knowledge is less and less helpful to the technological progress of investment enterprises, and the importance of the breadth of reverse spillover knowledge is becoming more and more prominent. On the contrary, investment enterprises lack the ability to effectively identify and deal with heterogeneous domain knowledge in the early stage of reverse spillover knowledge. Therefore, if the breadth of OFDI reverse spillover knowledge is too obvious in the early stage of foreign investment, it may lead to cognitive overload of investment enterprises. At this time, investment companies should try their best to focus on a small range of knowledge fields and enhance their own knowledge specialization level.
The research contribution lies in: first, make up for the research vacancy of dynamic knowledge structure and provide a more in-depth research perspective for follow-up research; Secondly, from the dynamic perspective, this paper discriminates the difference between the depth and intensity of reverse spillover knowledge, and puts forward a concept definition method that can be used for reference; Thirdly, it provides a reference basis for Chinese foreign investment enterprises to accurately grasp the reverse spillover knowledge and adjust their investment strategies in time.
Under the initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, universities and research institutions have become the new force to highlight the innovative spirit and explore the entrepreneurial gene, and academic entrepreneurship has become an important engine to promote the construction of national innovation system. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated a series of policy documents including the opinions on deepening the reform of the system and mechanism for talent development in 2016, which supports researchers in universities or research institutes to start their own businesses, and encourages the application of scientific and technological advances from the scientists and universities. Although the policy environment is improving and the entrepreneurial activities are growing larger, the academic entrepreneurship still faces the three dilemmas of low success rate, low level and low performance, and the academic entrepreneurial teams have typical problems such as role conflict, inferior identity transformation and sustainable development. How to build a sustainable development mechanism has become an urgent problem for academic entrepreneurship teams, which is also a topic of concern for the university administrators to deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
Since the promulgation of the Bayh-Dole Act, foreign scholars have paid attention to the functions of universities in the national innovation system and discussed the impact of system design and technology transfer policies on university spin-off companies, while domestic scholars have focused on the derivative model of scientific and technological enterprises of research universities, and carried out the localization research of derivative enterprises in combination with the system situation and university functions. Compared with the traditional entrepreneurs, academic entrepreneurs have the dual characteristics of scientists and entrepreneurs, and the operation mode and incentive mechanism of academic entrepreneurship team have distinct characteristics. First, the team members mostly are academic entrepreneurs whose entrepreneurial thinking does not fully follow the effect decision-making logic. They cannot balance the R&D activities and operations management because of the unique professional experience. Second, they are facing the competitive goal of winning academic priority and realizing commercial value, which need scholars to leap from scientific research network to industrial network. Third, the risk and conversion cost of academic entrepreneurship are high, and the scholars have a good academic status and a stable salary system before entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the opportunity cost and expected return when choosing entrepreneurship. Existing studies have found that improving social capital and reducing conversion costs are conducive to cultivating academic entrepreneurs, and member heterogeneity can promote the financial performance of university spin-off companies. However, few studies consider the group particularity of academic entrepreneurial teams, and how to design the cooperation mode and task relationship has become a key problem for the sustainable development of academic entrepreneurial teams.
Based on the organizational ecology theory and tournament motivation theory, the research analyzes the "double-edged sword" effect of cooperative relationship on the willingness of continue cooperation, and discusses the effect of task relationship and cooperation quality on the mechanism of sustainable development from the perspective of process and outcome. The results show that cooperative relationship has an inverted U-shaped effect on both the quality of cooperation and the willingness to continue cooperation in academic entrepreneurial teams. Much longer or shorter cooperation time will weaken the cooperative quality and reduce the willingness to cooperate. Cooperative quality fully mediated the effect of cooperative relationship on the willingness to continue cooperation from the outcome perspective, and the mediating effect decreases with the increase of cooperative relationship. Task independence negatively moderates the effect of cooperative relationship on process quality from the perspective of process, while task dependence positively moderates the effect of cooperative relationship on outcome quality. The conclusion deconstructs the operation mechanism of academic entrepreneurial team and provides a reference for the reform of university science and technology system under the innovation-driven development strategy.
Female engineers and technicians are an important force in promoting the development of science and technology and economic society in our country. In order to reflect the status quo of the development of female engineers and technicians in enterprises, and to eliminate the difficulties and obstacles they face in the process of career development, this research adopts a combination of quantitative and qualitative research to conduct investigations. 788 engineering and technical personnel from enterprises participated in the questionnaire survey (of which 51.3% were women and 48.7% were men), and 32 female engineering and technical personnel of enterprises, enterprise management personnel, and experts whom engaged in science and technology policy, social policy and social gender were also interviewed.
The study found that, the proportion of women in the field of engineering continues to increase, women account for one-third of all engineering and technical personnel in 2020. And they are playing an increasingly important role, and the gender advantages of women in engineering and technical work are becoming more and more prominent. However, female engineering and technical personnel still needs further development. Compared with medical sciences, natural sciences, agricultural sciences, and humanities and social sciences, women are still low in the field of engineering technology. Female engineers and technicians in enterprises have low evaluations on their career development, underutilize their professional abilities, and still face unfair treatment in terms of career promotion and application. The above mentioned problems of female engineers and technicians are not only due to their own reasons such as physical limitations and poor integration ability in work communication, but also some external restrictions in the development environment. For example, there is insufficient attention to female engineering and technical personnel policies at the national and organizational levels. Men have prejudice against women engineers and technicians in terms of ability, character and achievement. The traditional social division of labor in parenting and housework affects the development of female engineers and technicians. The setting of female engineers and technicians’ retirement age are earlier than male engineers and technicians, which resulted in a waste of female talent. And insufficient social incentives for female engineers and technicians, those are all important reasons restricting the development of female engineering and technical personnel.
In response to the above problems and causes, combined with the voice of female engineers and technicians, this study puts forward seven suggestions for improvement. That is, strengthen policy support to further cultivate high-level female engineering and technical personnel. Create more opportunities for training, exchange, and further study for female engineering and technical personnel in enterprises. Establish the China Outstanding Female Engineer Award to expand the publicity and to set an example of outstanding women. Establish public childcare institutions, and strengthen social services, in order to ease the burden of family parenting and elderly care. Take measures to resolve gender discrimination in corporate recruitment, and give female engineers and technicians more equal opportunities for promotion. Implement the same age retirement policy of male and female engineers and technicians with senior titles. Advocate the establishment of women organization in enterprises, to safeguard women’s rights and care for women’s physical and mental health.
With the development and change of the connotation of national security from traditional security to non-traditional security, intellectual property security is becoming an important part of non-traditional security in the national security system. The lack of overall coordination mechanism for intellectual property security will lead to the "collective action dilemma" of the state, which will transform the general intellectual property risk into intellectual property security factors at the national level. The core of examining intellectual property in the context of national security is the autonomy, reliability and controllability of intellectual property in national collective action. This paper systematically analyzes the historical and realistic logic of intellectual property national security and its complex mechanism, and holds that intellectual property security has the characteristics of transnational, non-governmental and transformability of non-traditional security. Intellectual property security includes the institutional security of intellectual property governance, the technical security of intellectual property object Three global security configurations and multiple security risk representations of intellectual property operation. Based on the public value of national priority, interest balance and system realization, establish the principles, rules and mechanism system of national security governance of intellectual property rights beyond the dichotomy of market government or private right sovereignty. Finally, it puts forward China's strategy for the modernization of intellectual property national security governance from three aspects: governance decision-making structure, system and policy system and the cross theoretical research of "intellectual property security".
With the economic development, corporate social responsibility has become more and more important for firms. Technological innovation responsibility is one of the new forms of corporate social responsibility under the background of innovation-driven strategy, and it is an inevitable choice for firms to achieve sustainable development. However, the current research about technological innovation responsibility is still at the stage of conceptual discussion and there is a lack of scientific tools for measurement. This paper aims to develop a measurement for technological innovation responsibility. This paper firstly identifies the structure dimension of technological innovation responsibility based on grounded theory. After open coding, selective coding, and theoretical coding, this paper identified six dimensions of technological innovation responsibility. Then, this paper collected research data through survey to run exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to verify the structural dimensions of technological innovation responsibility. Finally, this paper evaluates the scale’s reliability and validity by combining reliability and average variance extracted (AVE). The results show that technological innovation responsibility has six dimensions, which are employee dimension, partner dimension, consumer dimension, government dimension, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) dimension and community dimension. The employee dimension is mainly embodied in promoting the innovation development of employees. The partner dimension is mainly embodied in promoting the innovation development of partner. The consumer dimension is mainly embodied in meeting the needs of consumers for a better life. The government dimension is mainly embodied in promoting government’s policy implementation and enhancing the government’s international influence. The NGOs dimension is mainly embodied in promoting the innovation development of NGOs. The community dimension is mainly embodied in promoting the sustainable development of resource and the environment. Furthermore, the results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that these six dimensions can be accepted. Finally, the results of combining reliability and AVE showed that the scale has good reliability and validity. Besides, in order to avoid the potential impact of the research sample on the research results, this paper also run the robustness tests. To be specific, this study mixed the samples of the two surveys. Then, from the mixed samples, this paper re-extracted two sets of samples for robustness tests. The results show that the scale developed in this paper has strong robustness. The research results enrich the theoretical research of technological innovation responsibility by constructing its structural dimensions, which could make the concept of technological innovation responsibility deeper. By development the measurement scale, this paper could also lay a tool foundation for the empirical analysis of technological innovation responsibility. At the same time , this paper also of great practical significance for practice. On one hand, the identified structural dimensions can enable firms to understand technological innovation responsibility better, which can be used to guide firms to strengthen technological innovation responsibility in different dimensions. On the other hand, firms can also use the measurement scale to evaluate their technological innovation responsibility, which can help firms find out the weak aspects of their technological innovation responsibility and thus adjust their technological innovation responsibility practices accordingly.
This study focuses on research question “How do enterprises with focus on innovation ecosystem overcome collective uncertainty and build complementary resources?” Through a comparative analysis of Geely and Xiaomi, this study closely follows the situational elements of the innovation ecosystem, and deconstructs and analyzes the two types of uncertainties of ‘subject dimension’ and ‘functional dimension’ in the process of resource complementation in the context of the innovation ecosystem. Secondly, it is found that the two resource complementarity strategies of knowledge base expansion and ecological goal renewal based of adapting strategic posture, and system knowledge definition and complementarity relationship guidance based on the shaping strategic posture which help focal firm overcoming the uncertainty in the process of resource complementarity. This research develops and integrates the analytical framework of ‘collective uncertainty of innovation ecosystem-strategic posture choice-resource complementary mode choice’, and depicts the unique path for enterprises to overcome uncertainty and establish resource complementary in the context of innovation ecosystem.
By matching the commodity housing price data of 35 large and medium-sized cities in China with the patent data released by China’s A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2017, the article re-examines the effect and mechanism of housing price on the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation from the perspective of innovation investment and talent policy. The results show that the rise of housing prices has no significant effect on the number of non-invention patents granted by enterprises, but it can significantly promote the number of invention patents granted and the total number of patents granted. This conclusion is still robust after considering the endogenous problems such as omitted variables and mutual causation. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the rise of housing prices significantly promotes the innovation output of high-tech enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, but has no significant impact on the innovation output of non-high-tech enterprises and state-owned enterprises. And the housing price has an inverted U-shaped effect on enterprise innovation in the first-tier cities, while it has a positive U-shaped effect on enterprise innovation in other cities. The results of mechanism analysis show that the cost effect of rising housing price will not crowd out R&D investment for invention patent innovation but will make enterprises increase core technology innovation investment to maintain high market competitiveness. Furthermore, the talent policy strengthens the promoting effect of housing price on enterprise innovation in non-first-tier cities, but the moderating effect is not significant in first-tier cities. Based on above results, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: First, we should focus on the positive role of housing price in promoting the quality of enterprise innovation. Second, we should correctly deal with the challenges and opportunities brought by rising housing prices to enterprise innovation. Third, the government should take differentiated measures to improve the innovation output of various types of subjects and different cities. Fourth, Fourth, we should strengthen the scientific formulation and effective implementation of talent policy, and give full play to the positive regulating role of talent policy in the relationship between housing price and enterprise innovation.
