This study explores the incubation mechanism of big data value by the total sample analysis, indicating a linear process as “value gestation-value germination-value expansion-value breakthrough”. This study also shows that data gathering quality, data analyzing capability, application transferring path and the thinking of big data and such requisites are essential to accomplish the big data value incubation process. Three incubation patterns are then brought forward, including the indigenous incubation, relay innovation and crowdsourcing. This study reveals that: 1) the data analysis itself is the process of big data value germination; 2) The innovative applications of big data can be broken down into two steps, the routine using and the application transferring.
In the field of philosophy, researches always care more about the trend of changes of the content and methods in philosophy, but not the research activity itself. The article care more about the organization model instead of changes of the content from a Scientometrics perspective. The important role of book reviews, high level of using old or classic documents and non-journal document shows that philosophy is really a traditional Art and Humanities discipline. But the data also shows a trend that philosophy is now “scientifying” according to the declines of citing old or classic documents and non-journal documents and the increase of referring to integrated natural science journals like Nature and Science.
Baltimore case is the ladder of maturity of scientific misconduct investigation procedure in America. The ten-year investigation of Baltimore case have three changes. In the first stage of 1986, the investigation of Imanishi-Kari held by Henry Wortis group at Tufts University and Herman Eisen at MIT, reflecting American college have guideline but have no practical policy, which have serious defections in investigation main body, investigation principles and investigation content. In the second stage from 1987 to 1991, Mary Miers group, Joseph M.Davies group, and new OSI at NIH held three investigations, featuring hearing system have severe influence towards justice of investigations. Three hearings held by Congressman John D. Dingel resulted in different conclusions, eventually decided as scientific misconduct. In the third stage from 1992 to 1996, the reorganized ORI carry on investigation, Imanishi-Kari appeal and the Department Appeal Board at HHS sentence Imanishi-Kari innocent. The setting of the organization of institution of Appeal Board is of great importance for amending judgment, which guarantee the right of appeal, permitting the defendant to contact with all the proofs.
This paper establish impact factor model among government R&D investment, enterprises R&D investment and IPRP strength on the basis of public goods theory and innovation theory. This paper uses the data of 1992-2012 for regression analysis, discovers that governmental R&D investment in enterprises, in institutions，in universities has a leverage effect on enterprises’ R&D investment, though the leverage effect caused by governmental R&D investment in universities is not prominent, that proper intellectual property rights protection can promote Chinese enterprises’ R&D investment. The further Granger causality test shows that intellectual property rights protection produced structural changes in Chinese enterprises’ R&D investment around 2002, its leverage effect goes up to 0.147, which is double of previous effect, exceeding the leverage effect caused by governmental R&D in institutions and in universities; it verifies intellectual property rights protection is the source of power for promoting Chinese enterprises technology innovation.
Based on revealed relationship between innovation industrial transfer and technology innovation, and through adopting cooperation network structure which have important impacts on their interaction, a more comprehensive theoretical model was constructed. After that the authors collected large sample of questionnaire data and applied Structural Equation Model (SEM) for empirical research. The conclusion indicated that Industrial transfer embedded has a positive role in promoting enterprise innovation performance in less developed areas, and regional innovation network structure played an important role in their relationship; Industry transfer of vertical mainly promoting short-term financial performance of innovation ability, and embedded industrial transfer level mainly promoting long-term strategic performance.
In America, the differences between market-oriented universities and government-oriented federal laboratories have a direct influence on American technology transfer policies. “Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act” and “Bayh–Dole Act” passed at 1980 established the core system for technology transfer in federal laboratories and universities, respectively. The former act emphasizes the “definition of obligations”, while the latter stresses the “decentralization of right”. Although these two acts are intertwining with each other constantly, but their distinct internal logics are unchanged. However, in China, the above mentioned difference is totally neglected during the legal migration process. In this paper, the experience in America is studied to help improve “Bayh-Dole rule” and national research institutions construction in China.
At present, comparative research on technology competitiveness based on patent analysis mainly relates to a single level of enterprises, industries or regions, using the number of patents, patent quality, the input and output of innovation as main indicators to make judgment. In order to evaluate technology competitiveness more objective and comprehensive, this article based on the exiting indicator system on the basis of the analysis and research, introduced the new indicators such as collaborative innovation capability, and respectively from the macro level (region), middle level (industry) and micro level (enterprise). These three levels creatively build an independent evaluation system, which is multi-dimensional, three-dimensional and focus on the potential. And combined the independent evaluation system together to form a comprehensive evaluation system to make comparative research for technology competitiveness. At last, using the empirical analysis to verify the operability of the evaluation system.
The organization run privately with official funding is a kind of combination of private scientific research teams and government related bodies. According to the private degree and the aid of the government support, such organizations are divided into four forms. They are traditional research and development centers, research and development centers of new industries, entrepreneurial incubator research institutes and innovative entrepreneurial research institutes. In the case of developing products, and introducing new technology and re-innovating, the government can take form of traditional research and development center and entrepreneurial incubator research institute. In the case of developing the application of basic research for original innovation focusing on the strategic new industry, the government can take form of research and development center of new industry and innovative entrepreneurial research institute. If the project has a bright future and is probable to succeed, the government can take the form of innovative entrepreneurial research institute, and give the continued strategic support.
Alliance portfolio is so significant for firms in the catch-up stage in China. However, existing research on alliance portfolio follows the paradigm of structuralism of social network and pays more attention to the relationship of network structure and performance, lacking analysis of the formation mechanism of alliance portfolio. From the new paradigm of "post-structuralism", this paper build a model of "performance aspiration——partner selection——network structure" to understand the formation mechanism of alliance portfolio. Based on the 506 firms in Zhejiang Province during a period of ten years, the study finds that the social performance aspiration and historical performance aspiration play important role in the formation of alliance portfolio through shaping the characteristics of structure, relation and partner. The theoretical contribution is that, based on “post-structuralism”, the paper focuses on the network heterogeneity to open the black box of the formation of alliance portfolios. The conclusion of the study is meaningful for the construction of alliance portfolio of firms.
Constructing cooperation and alliance by virtue of technical association is the global trend. It can not only reduce the risk of technical innovation and effectively set the industry standard, but also improve the national competitiveness in science and technology. The establishment of technical standard can obtain pricing power and maximize the profits of innovation, which ultimately depends on the integration of the industry chain. This paper abstracts evidences from the development of high-definition video in China and interprets deeply why the innovation ability has repeated at low level due to lack of communication and cooperation between enterprises. With the de-materialization of mobile internet, Chinese enterprises will embrace new opportunity.
Currently, few studies have looked at the knowledge sharing in collaborative innovation, the organizational reputation and environmental turbulence. According to the investigation which comes from 213 companies in Zhejiang area, we have studied the effect of organizational reputation on knowledge sharing in collaborative innovation, and the moderating effects of environmental turbulence. The results suggest network capacity, socail resposibility and fair trade have positive effects on knowledge sharing in collbaorative innovation. As environment turbulence increases, the effects of network capacity, socail resposibility and fair trade on knowledge sharing in collaborative innovation decreases. Finally, it discusses the implications of the results to the managemnet theory and practice.
Government R&D subsidies on enterprises’ private R&D expenditure. R&D subsidies have stimulation effects and crowding-out effects, but there is no consistent answer. The research has utilized micro data of listed companies in China from 2010 to 2012 and applied PSM (Propensity Score Matching) method to analyze the effects of R&D subsidies. The results show that R&D subsidies in China are distributed to enterprises with higher autonomy in management, shorter listed age, and larger scale of employees and domestic property right and having R&D activities. The research discovered that R&D subsidies have significantly stimulated enterprises’ R&D expenditures in China. The recipients of subsides invest additional 21.43 million RMB on average than non-recipients.
Under the context of much disadvantages, including lack of brands, governmental protection and market prioritity, a few local pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in China become the main actors of R&D and innovative activities gradually in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. In order to survive and develop well, these companies have achieved successfully from generic drug of totally low end to become the first enterprise to introduce generic drugs in China, and ME-TOO drugs, at last ,these companies launched innovative drugs of national or even world-class, therefore, their innovation performance have been improved ultimately. Using a multiple case study, this paper explores the impact of R&D partners diversity of the focal firm on innovation performance and the impact of strategic orientation on R&D partners diversity.
After the implementation of the new Enterprise Income Tax Law, the paper study the observations of 2010-2012 timeframe Chinese listed companies. From the perspective of the government's macro tax policy, the paper examines the process and path that rent-seeking behavior and tax policy affects private enterprise innovation performance, which is the breakthrough point to understand the microscopic mechanism that China local governments promote the private enterprise innovation under the new Chinese economic normality. Empirical evidence suggests that the rent-seeking behavior can significantly increase the private enterprise innovation performance through the mediating role of the tax burden of the enterprise. When examining diff-erent subsamples, the results show that compared to private enterprises in areas with high extent of marketization, the mediating effect of the tax burden of those enterprises in areas with low extent of marketization is larger. By inference, the innovation of private enterprise and rent-seeking behavior is not only concerned with the higher tax burden, but also by the degree of marketization where the enterprise located.
This paper analyzes theoretically the compliance costs effect and innovation compensating effect of environmental regulation on enterprise innovation. Under these two kinds of mechanism, the effect of environmental regulation on innovation depends on the degree of environmental regulation showing U-shaped nonlinear relations. We use the Chinese industrial enterprises data to test empirically this impact. The results show that: environmental regulation and production innovation show a U-shaped relationship. For most enterprises current environmental regulation intensity has not yet reached the inflection point of the U-shaped curve and still in the stage of the downward phase of the U-shaped curve. At the same time, on the basis of the corporate pollution degree for sub sectors, the U-shaped curve inflection point of heavily polluting industries located in the right side of the slightly polluted industries’. Therefore heavily polluting enterprises need higher environmental regulation intensity to achieve the inflection point of U-shaped curve and promote enterprise product innovation. Therefore, We treat the relationship between environmental regulation and innovation with the perspective of development, strengthen environmental regulation, and formulate different environmental policies for different enterprises. Only in this way can make environmental regulation become the impetus of enterprise innovation and achieve a win-win economic growth and environmental protection.
It resolves the content and main factors of collaborative innovation capability of the State Key Laboratory, and releases all levels of evaluation index of collaborative innovation capability. With the Delphi method, membership analysis, correlation analysis, reliability and validity analysis, it builds the evaluation system of collaborative innovation capability of the State Key Laboratory, and then obtains the index weight levels using Fussy-AHP. By selecting 26 State Key Laboratories in chemistry, it evaluates their collaborative innovation capabilities with Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and verifies the evaluation index system.
