Recently, the S&T evaluation has become one of the key issues in China's S&T development. In this paper, the problems are revisited from the perspective of S&T management. Through the characteristic and management process of knowledge production, this paper shows that scientific institution is similar to craft administration system and it is managed by reputation since R&D activity has high uncertainty. Consequently, it is found that the root of the China's S&T Evaluation lies in the invalidation of scientific community's internal management, as well as the weakness of the scientist markets.
The vertical and horizontal scatter degree is used to the multi-dimensional time series, which realize the purpose that the dynamic comprehensive evaluation problem is converted into a group evaluation. Aiming at the problem of the traditional differentiation driven empowerment about the sensitivity of the evaluation index, using cluster analysis for expert group first which reduce the number of experts actually, then using the method of double differences drive for expert group empowerment, finally get the comprehensive ranking 24 items of scientific and technological achievements. Empirical studies show that weighting method from overall difference and double difference experts empowerment method based on clustering analysis in comprehensive evaluation are stability and continuity.
After more than 30 years development, the national science and technology program of China has experienced great reform on its management, reinforcing the monitoring and evaluation is important tendency. This paper focuses on the evaluation system of framework programme, studying the evaluation pattern, method and organization process of framework programme. Based on the historic review, the feature and experience of framework programme evaluation system have been summarized. Some suggestions have been proposed for the design and improvement of China’s science and technology programme evaluation system.
It is necessary to set up some influential international science and technology awards as an important platform not only to show Chinese scientific and technological strength but also is the inevitable trend of Chinese science and technology awards progress in future. However, China is facing a dwindling international awards situation. Moreover, those are low influential awards. This situation will not help China’s internationalization of research and talent. It also did not match with China's status as a world power. It is against innovation in China's science and technology. This paper summarized the present trend of the international science and technology awards and analyzed the international science and technology awards characteristics of China and identified the problems in it. The paper brought up some policy recommendations to perfect the system of science and technology award of China.
Based on a patent application information datasets of over 1.07 million within 2001 to 2010, a Region-Field-Patentee framework will be established, with which regional distinctions of patent surge will be highlighted while a series of technics, say, literature classification, the Gini coefficient, matrix analysis and MDSA will be applied. The research will be an important policy basis.
Patent claim is the core of the patent, which determines the scope of legal protection of the invention. The number of patent claims may serve as an important characteristic of patent. However, few publications have been available for the relationship between the number of patent claims and the patent maintenance time. This paper explained the Logistic regression model in detail. It used the data of patent granted in 1994 from China, America, Germany, France, Japan and South Korea to analyze the effects of the number of patent claims on the patent maintenance time. The empirical results shows that the number of patent claims could affect the probability of the length of patent maintenance time. We also found that the circumstances are significantly different in Japan and South Korea. It also shows the limitation of research based on patent literature.
Both patent applications and patent lawsuits have increased rapidly in recent years. It is necessary to clarify the interaction between them. Co-integration and error correction model are employed to analyze the time series of patent applications and patent lawsuits. It shows that there is a long-term dynamic equilibrium relationship between patent applications and patent lawsuits. The results of Granger causality show that patent applications and patent lawsuits present a significant interaction of mutual promotion. Patent applications have a positive effect on patent lawsuits, indicating that the increase in patent applications will lead to the emergence of massive patent lawsuits in the future. Meanwhile, patent lawsuits also present a positive effect on patent applications, which means that the increase in patent lawsuits will inspire patentees to apply for more patents.
Trans-provincial regional public S&T innovation service platform (Trans-provincial platform abbr.) is not only the blank of our country’s public S&T innovation service platform system, but also the national important power to promote the construction of public S&T innovation service platform, whose layout will directly affect the rationality of the allocation of trans-provincial regional public science and technology resources and the validity of its service. This paper, using the factor analysis, makes a study of the layout of trans-provincial platform of China's seven industry for empirical research. We find two results: “innovation resources supply level” and “innovation resources demand intensity” are the key factors to affect the layout of trans-provincial platform, especially the “innovation resources demand intensity” should be strengthened; we should arrange different types of trans-provincial platform in different regions.
There has been a large number of literature research on the science and technology talents mobility overseas.This article uses the literature method to analyze the current publications on this issue based on Web of Science database with the CiteSpaceIII software to explore the evolution of the research process. Firstly, we make a co-citation analysis and detail the three core areas of the research on foreign science and technology mobility: "brain circulation" , "brain drain" and "brain gain". Secondly, we analyze the representative figure in the process of evolution and its replacement through the author co-citation analysis. What’s more, the change of research hot spots in various period is showed based on the keyword co-citation analysis. Finally, according to the evolution trend of overseas research on this issue, we speculate that in China the researches about this issue will focus on the impacts of brain drain and brain gain for Chinese economy, education, government finance and so forth.
Based on the panel data of listed firms from 2009 to 2013, we empirically analysis the effect of environmental regualtion disturbance on firms’ R&D input and adjustmental effect of government-enterprise relationship. It arrive following conclusions: Firstly, environmental regulation disturbance palys a significantlly negative role in R&D input. Secondly, in firms which have more close government-enterprise relationship, local environmental regulation disturbance plays a more weaker inhibitory effect on the R&D input. Finally, environmental regulation disturbance plays a more obviously inhibitory effect on the R&D input in high environmental regulation level region. , Based on the panel data of listed firms from 2009 to 2013, we empirically analysis the effect of environmental regualtion disturbance on firms’ R&D input and adjustmental effect of government-enterprise relationship. It arrive following conclusions: Firstly, environmental regulation disturbance palys a significantlly negative role in R&D input. Secondly, in firms which have more close government-enterprise relationship, local environmental regulation disturbance plays a more weaker inhibitory effect on the R&D input. Finally, environmental regulation disturbance plays a more obviously inhibitory effect on the R&D input in high environmental regulation level region. , Based on the panel data of listed firms from 2009 to 2013, we empirically analysis the effect of environmental regualtion disturbance on firms’ R&D input and adjustmental effect of government-enterprise relationship. It arrive following conclusions: Firstly, environmental regulation disturbance palys a significantlly negative role in R&D input. Secondly, in firms which have more close government-enterprise relationship, local environmental regulation disturbance plays a more weaker inhibitory effect on the R&D input. Finally, environmental regulation disturbance plays a more obviously inhibitory effect on the R&D input in high environmental regulation level region.
Research and Development (R&D) is the source of modern organization’s core competence and sustainable competitive advantage. It can not be made by solely relying on the chief scientist while ignoring the impact of organization management environment. Based on literature review, it puts forward a hypothetical model reflecting the impact of chief scientist’s competence features on R&D project performance and the moderating role of organization management environment. After analyzing 208 survey data, it indicates that the technology competence, management competence and personality competence have positive impact on R&D project performance while organization management environment acts as a positive moderator between them.
This study examines the impact of strategic flexibility on new product development speed (NPD speed). It finds that both resource flexibility and coordination flexibility, two dimensions of strategic flexibility, are positively related to NPD speed. And, technological turbulence negatively moderates the relationship between resource flexibility and NPD speed but positively moderates the linkage of coordination flexibility to NPD speed. The findings not only enrich the discipline’s knowledge on the impact of strategic flexibility on NPD speed, but also guide firms leveraging strategic flexibility to accelerate NPD speed.
There is no doubt that knowledge creation between enterprises in supply chain is a keyword in obtaining competitive advantage. Based on the system perspective and combined with the analysis of existing research, enterprises’ interview, the paper proposes 18 influential factors of knowledge creation between enterprises in supply chain. Then a Fuzzy DEMATEL method is used to research the causal-effect category and the importance of each factor quantitatively. Showing that the “expected value of the knowledge” is the most important factor in causal group and “the willingness and the tendency of cooperation” is the most important factor in effect group, the results divide factors into two types. In addition, the paper also obtains 7 key factors on the basis of the analysis on the score of the degree of influence, the degree of being influenced, the degree of causal and the degree of centrality in each factor. Finally the paper provides advices to the practice of knowledge creation between enterprises in supply chain under the situation in China.
An evolutionary game was set up which includes R&D expenditure, government subsidy and tax subsidy by using the evolution theory, then an improved evolutionary game was derived when the tax deferral variable be introduced into the basic model, and econometric models were established to verify the incentive effect between government subsidy and tax deferred through the panel data of Shenzhen Stock Exchange listed company. The results indicated that: (1) Government subsidies for innovation is significant more than tax preference, the aim that existing innovation incentive mechanism supports large enterprises or star enterprise innovation was to guide the mainstream direction of innovation, which ignored the scattered small personalized innovation needs, then led to resources distortion of national innovation incentive mechanism; (2)the incentive effect of indigenous innovation by tax deferred is better than by government subsidies, the most likely reason is that state-owned enterprises, which utilize their political background to cover innovation inefficient weakness, is more likely to obtain the government subsidies than private enterprises, thus cause the effectiveness of government subsidies on innovation; (3) Too low proportion of holding stock in state-owned enterprise is a critical factor of the inefficiency of state-owned enterprise innovation, the more shares the actual controller has, the distortion of innovation incentive became more obvious, the lower the efficiency of innovation.
Shanxi innovative method pilot enterprises were taken as the study object, firstly, based on literature summary and refining, the driving force framework model of innovative method application was established, then multiple case study approach was used including field interviews and secondary data collection, data coding, analysis and other means, the status quo and the existing problems of innovative Method pilot enterprises promotion and application were analyzed, the driving effect of enterprise internal and external factors to enterprise innovative method promotion. Construction Strategy of innovative method promotion and application platform was investigated based on policy needs, and the driving force framework model of innovative method application was verified. Finally, the path of promoting innovative method to upgrade independent innovation capability was proposed from three areas of strategic planning, policy needs and application platform, behavior measure. Theoretical guidance and practical basis were provided for promoting the use of innovative method, enhancing independent innovation capability.
In recent years, the global revolution in digital manufacturing has led a mass innovation situation. As an important role in this process, the makerspace is highly fashioned in the world. Fab Lab, one of the makerspace type, provides the facilities and support services that make it possible for entrepreneurs, researchers, and small businesses to access technologies allowing them to turn innovative ideas into working prototypes. Providing ordinary people with modern means for invention does not fit within the conventional categories of education and industry. However, Fab Lab fills this void. This paper states the definition of makerspace and Fab Lab, traces the history of the development of Fab Lab, and then analyzes the five features of Fab Lab in detail. This paper suggests that Fab Lab is a springboard of support for innovators who are engineers and entrepreneurs to move along the entire innovation value chain, is one of the most important parts of this innovation ecosystem. Thus, in the last of the paper, we analyze the Fab Lab innovation ecosystem which includes government organization, industry, and education system.
Paying attention to the small business based on the economic transition context in China, this study divided knowledge search into two types of “reactive search” and “prospective search”, then explored the impact of reactive search, prospective search and the balance of these two search ways on innovation performance. Results show that (1) the effects of two search ways on innovation performance are different, reactive search has an inverted U-shape effect, while prospective search has a U-shape effect; (2) the balance between reactive search and prospective search has a promoting effect on enterprises’ innovation performance, and there is a complementary relationship between these two search strategies; (3) knowledge governance capability plays a mediation role between knowledge search and innovation performance; (4) effectuation exerts a positive moderating effect on the relationship between reactive search and incremental innovation, as well as the relationship between prospective search and radical innovation, also effectuation can weaken the negative relationship between reactive search and radical innovation.
Divisive faultlines theory could be a new reference for exploring the dynamic process of meso subgroup structures in technological innovation network.In this study, we collect joint application patents data in Chinese electronic information industry from 2000 to 2012 to build inter-organizational technology innovation network and to explore the influencing mechanism of divisive faultlines on subgroup polarization from network embeddedness perspective. Results show that potential divisive faultlines will appear when the inter-organizational tie strength is nonuniform across the multiple dyads, but its direct impact on subgroup polarization is not significant; on the other hand, the effect of divisive faultlines on subgroup polarization is increased significantly when structural embeddedness and positional embeddedness are at high levels, which demonstrates potential divisive faultlines being not triggered may keep dormant state and will not show a direct impact, whereas divisive faultlines triggered by some key mechanisms will impact significantly on subgroup polarization. Research conclusion offers a new theoretical explanation and research perspective for revealing the microscopic mechanism of formation and change of subgroup structure in technological innovation networks, and could an important reference for further study on the stability and knowledge sharing of technology innovation network.
Family firm has its unique characters for family forces. Innovation is the important strategic behaviors to acquire and keep competitive advantage. However, the influence of family system to family firm innovation has been ignored for a long time. Previous researches emphasize the importance of family involvement within family firm, but lacks of the attention on family forces which is existing besides the family firm. To better understanding the function of family system on innovation, we built the theoretical model for family cohesion, adaptability and innovation items. Based on the researches of family relationship, this article explores the impact of family relationship on family firm innovation. The results, based on 542 questionnaires from ACFIC data, support these hypotheses. First, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between family cohesion and family firm innovation. Second, family adaptability has a consistently positive impact on family firm innovation.
