Based on depicting the content and dimensions of government trust in the issue of transgenic technology ,using the questionnaire and structural equation,the study explored a rational attitude decision-making model based on trust in government. The study found that, in the situation of information asymmetry and transfer of the Information dissemination power center, the field of "trust - perceived - attitude" have become the "path dependence" in public attitudes of transgenic technology. In the issue of transgenic technology , contract trust, cooperation trust and institution trust have a significant effect on the individual rational decision-making mechanism based on perceived benefits and perceived risk, thus affecting the public attitude towards transgenic technology
This paper traces and analyzes the public policy process from the Report Science, the Endless Frontier to the establishment of the National Science Foundation (NSF). A brief overview of the policy process is presented; major policy entrepreneurs and key participants in the policy process are identified. Each stage of policy-making process is discussed in detail following the sequence of agenda setting, alternative specification, authoritative choice among alternatives, and policy implementation. The author argues that: (1) the postwar science policy was greatly influenced by a hybrid of two popular concepts: the conservative and the liberal; (2) the policy process of NSF was filled with debates, compromises, and interactions among key players; and (3) there were no absolutely winners or losers in this policy process, i.e., Bush finally triumphed in his ideas but partially failed his version of organizational design.
This study adopts a qualitative approach to examine how Huawei, the leading Chinese company in Research and Development （R&D） globalization, established and developed its overseas R&D network. A dataset consisting Huawei’s overseas’ joint patents record since its establishment and Whole Network Analysis method are employed to explore the formulation and evolution of its global R&D network. Through the “success story” of Chinese company’s R&D globalization, new experience and perspective on overseas R&D investment is demonstrated for the international arena. , This study adopts a qualitative approach to examine how Huawei, the leading Chinese company in Research and Development （R&D） globalization, established and developed its overseas R&D network. A dataset consisting Huawei’s overseas’ joint patents record since its establishment and Whole Network Analysis method are employed to explore the formulation and evolution of its global R&D network. Through the “success story” of Chinese company’s R&D globalization, new experience and perspective on overseas R&D investment is demonstrated for the international arena. , This study adopts a qualitative approach to examine how Huawei, the leading Chinese company in Research and Development （R&D） globalization, established and developed its overseas R&D network. A dataset consisting Huawei’s overseas’ joint patents record since its establishment and Whole Network Analysis method are employed to explore the formulation and evolution of its global R&D network. Through the “success story” of Chinese company’s R&D globalization, new experience and perspective on overseas R&D investment is demonstrated for the international arena. , This study adopts a qualitative approach to examine how Huawei, the leading Chinese company in Research and Development （R&D） globalization, established and developed its overseas R&D network. A dataset consisting Huawei’s overseas’ joint patents record since its establishment and Whole Network Analysis method are employed to explore the formulation and evolution of its global R&D network. Through the “success story” of Chinese company’s R&D globalization, new experience and perspective on overseas R&D investment is demonstrated for the international arena.
Based on the perspective of product quality improvement innovation, the paper puts the technological spillover level, product level difference and vertical quality difference together into the analysis framework, and constructs a three-stage dynamic game model to discuss the R&D investment decision and government optimization under different R&D model. The results show: government R&D subsidy can improve the enthusiasm of R&D investment and social welfare, and will not produce "crowding - out effect";The level of technological spillover and the degree of product differentiation both have different effects on the optimal subsidy intensity under different R&D models; Whether in R&D competition model or R&D cooperation model, enterprise R&D investment, product quality and social welfare level are always the same under the optimal subsidy intensity, and enterprises prefer to choose the R&D model of profit maximization. Therefore, the enterprise itself should strengthen R&D investment to improve product quality competitiveness, and the government should formulate a reasonable range of subsidy intensity for different R&D innovation modes and industry cycle characteristics to improve the efficiency of innovation incentive by strengthening the construction of enterprise subsidy qualification examination system, but also should strengthen the enterprise subsidy qualification examination system construction to improve innovation incentive efficiency.
Abstract: In this paper, we used 30 provinces data of china from 1998 to 2011 and panel data of 50 states of America from 1987 to 2011, and analyzed of the difference between the two countries about how different R&D departments impact the total factor productivity via dynamic GMM Model. The results show that in China, the strongest impact is from industrial enterprises, and then the research institution and universities. Meanwhile, colleges and universities’ R&D input of the United States impact on TFP the most hardly, followed by enterprise, the last is the federal government's research institutions. In general, with respect to the relative maturity of the technology research and development system in the US, China's colleges and universities are received insufficient emphasis in R&D, there is still much room for improvement in inter-sector allocation and adjustment of R & D resources.
This paper takes “technical term” of patent literature as basic analysis unit, and goes deeply to the level of patent content analysis. A quantitative description of leading companies’ technology development and industry technology development has been made. Telecommunication patens and its essential patents in resent 24 years have been taken as sample, a similarity comparison between content of leading companies’ technology and industry technology has been carried out, and the relationships between the development of leading companies’ technology development and industry technology development have been revealed. Results indicate that the technology content of leading companies is ahead of industry leading technology of the same period, and it compromise an important part of the forerunner technology of the same period, which provides important technical foundation for the formation of new technological paradigm. In the process of industrial standardization, communication industry leading enterprises participate in standardization work actively and have a large number of standard patents, play a powerful role in promoting the formation of technical standards and technology paradigm.
The professional title system is not only related to researchers’ own interests, but also related to the development of science and technology innovation. However, along with the economic development and social progress, at this stage, the professional title system has gradually been found, such as scientific and normative issues during the evaluation and, etc. Based on the practice and experience of domestic and foreign professional title system, this study proposes the suggestions for the reform of professional title system in China so as to provide reference for policy researchers and makers.
To study research institutions’ competitive advantage in the super-competitive environment, this paper structured analyzes it from knowledge discovery and application. We select 102 institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences as empirical test samples and get the following conclusions. (1) Competitive advantage of research institutions is a combination of resources and capabilities, which is able to maximize its long-term value. (2) Based on knowledge discovery, we need systematic and sustained accumulation study samples and continue to cultivate large sample / big data analysis capability for discovering the rules of development continuously. Based on knowledge application, the keys are to cultivate the abilities to solve major national strategic issues and transfer technological achievements. (3) Compared to the research institutions do not have a competitive advantage above-mentioned, the ones with the competitive advantage is more prominent in terms of performance value. (4) Research institutions for competitive advantage deletion, weakened or wandering should take different counter measures.
Through obtaining target firms’ key techniques and expanding activities in R&D, the acquirer can improve its innovation performance after technology M&A. Consequently, determinants of cash flow have a pivotal role on improving innovation performance following M&A and its interaction mechanism is worth to exploration. The research has utilized micro data of listed companies in China from 2008 to 2012 and applied regression analysis to corroborate the positive effect of R&D investment on technology M&A innovation performance. Then, the paper probes the relationship of the choice of payment, acquirer’s financial constraints and R&D investment after technology M&A and the moderating role of financial development level. The empirical results show that a firm facing financial constraints will incline to increasing R&D investment following technology M&A . The reason is firms facing financial constraints have less incentive to choice cash as counter-performance and decrease cash outflows. Moreover, the level of financial development negatively moderates the negative effect between acquirer’s financial constraints and out-of-pocket expense and the negative influence between out-of-pocket expense and R&D investment.
Irrational investors and rational managers framework is presented in this paper to investigate whether investor sentiment affect enterprises R&D investment through rational cater channel, and capital market performance expectations pressure can inhibit the catering effect, and further compare the differences of catering effect between enterprises with different size, profitability and management stock ownership. The results show that: In general, the effect of investor sentiment to the enterprises R&D investment is supported to the catering hypothesis; The capital market performance expectations pressure can restrain the catering degree of enterprises R&D investment to investor sentiment; The above effect is only found in small scale, low profitability, and high management stock ownership enterprises. That shows firm size, profitability and management stock ownership are important factors which influence the motivations that managers cater to investor sentiment and maintenance of the capital market image. This article research conclusions have important policy implications for listed companies, investors, securities analysts and market regulators.
In high-tech alliance innovation appropriability problems have become more prominent, so we have surveyed the alliance companies of high-tech industries in our country with 276 valid questionnaires, and researched the function mechanism of dual oriented innovation appropriability mechanisms on alliance performance. As a result, both formal and informal innovation appropriability mechanisms have a significant inversed U relationship with alliance performance, and there are better effects of dual oriented innovation appropriability mechanisms on alliance performance than single oriented innovation appropriability mechanisms. Moreover, knowledge mobility partially mediates the relationship between formal or informal innovation appropriability mechanisms and alliance performance. It shows that moderate innovation appropriability mechanisms may create an innovation atmosphere with trust, justice and transparence policy for valid knowledge mobility, and then improve alliance performance, and it also illustrates that there are different effects between different innovation appropriability mechanisms. Our results reveal the function pathway of innovation appropriability mechanisms in alliance, which provide a guide for the high-tech alliance companies to coordinate different innovation appropriability mechanisms.
The transformation and upgrade of manufacturers require sustained radical and incremental innovation dynamics. A case study is done by analyzing JMC’s continuous breakthrough period, structural mechanism period and flexible mechanism period through multiple methods, in which we find out by comparison that leadership mechanism has difficulty in generating core innovative competencies, and structural isolation mechanism may lead to large coordination costs and unit rigidity, while the cross-level flexible mechanism, e.g. including ambidextrous culture, contingent leadership and ambidextrous employee mental models, can be transformed into sustained ambidextrous innovation dynamics. This article has explored the interactive relations among the antecedents of ambidexterity through case analysis. It also has expanded the boundary of ambidextrous culture and mental model theories. The conclusion offers guidance to better innovation and upgrade of Chinese manufacturers.
Although the current demand driven innovation theory has comprehensively discussed the effect of the consumer preferences, market differences, market gap, demand scale and growth on the technological innovation of the enterprise under the context of the developed countries, the relationship between the local demand heterogeneity and the technological innovation ability of enterprises under the management context of the later-development countries, has lacked a profound exploration. On the basis of the diversity of demands and the growth of demands, we have, in this paper, through the study of the case of two white household appliance industry of the small capacity washing machine and the large suction range hood, discovered that the positive impact of demand heterogeneity on technological innovation capability is timeliness. The local heterogeneous demand which difference is small, space growth is weak and refused by the mainstream market has a short-term effect on the technology innovation, while the local heterogeneous demand which difference is big, space growth is strong and adopted by the mainstream has a long-term effect on the technological innovation. We have, in this study, broken the pattern of single factor of demand, extended the traditional research based on a certain point of local demand to promote technology innovation, adopted the interaction between demand specificity and demand growth to build up the four quadrant framework of local demand characteristic analysis, having the enlightenment for a theoretic guidance and the practice for the realization of the coma enterprise correctly judge the value of local demand.
