This paper reviews the co-evolution of China's science and technology (S&T) policies and industrial development during the 40 years of reform and opening up. It is pointed out that the appropriate S&T policies of latecomer countries should be contingent upon the specific stage of industrial catching-up. In the early stage of catching-up, the policies should focus on promoting technology transfer and creating learning opportunities for domestic innovators. In the middle stage of catching-up, the focus of S&T policies should gradually shift to promote indigenous innovation of domestic firms, preventing domestic firms from too much reliance on foreign technology. In the late stage of catching-up, the domestic firms at the global innovation frontier face both technological and market uncertainties. Therefore, the focus of S&T policies should further shift to identify technological directions and create market demand.
Through analyzing China's regional science and technology policies and development paths over the past 40 years, it is found that regional science and technology development is jointly promoted by regional industrial upgrading and strengthening science and education strength.The conclusion is that the market economy is the important factor that promotes the science and technology to become the economic growth, entrepreneurial culture and locational factors are the intrinsic power.The role of science and technology in regional economic development is increasingly prominent. The polarization of science and technology continues, and the direction of science and technology policy and planning will lead to the imbalance of science and technology resources again
It reviewed the historical course of China’s intellectual property management with the development of national economy and society, the change of intellectual property system and the reform of scientific and technological system in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. It also summed up the characteristics of intellectual property management, and put forward the relevant enlightenments and future concerns.
The 19th CPC National Congress issue a clarion call to build China into an innovative nation and a science and technology giant by targeting the frontier of science and technology in the world.This will require the scientific community to provide more theoretical support and decision-making advice for the formulation of national science and technology policies and the deployment of major science and technology decisions. After nearly 40 years of development, the current science of science in our country is going back to prosperity again, but there are still crises and difficulties that can not be ignored.Based on the review of the discipline development of science in our country，we analyze the systematic, integrated and scientific trend of international science discipline from theory, scientometrics and policy.In view of the fact that more and more "involvement" of science research to the society, the public and the government, we further give some advice on the key areas in order to strengthen discipline independence.
The social dissemination and communication of science is always an important social function of science. With the coming of mega-science epoch, the communication between science and the public has been growing scarce. However, the social media provide a path for the communication between science and the public, the scientists could also disseminate the scientific achievements direct to the public with the social network platform. As a result, a new scientometrics index takes shape——Altmetrics. This paper takes Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Science and Biology Letters as the object, explores the influence factors for paper ReTweeted on Twitter. From the perspective of time and retweeted users’ factors, we construct the negative binomial regression models to analyze the impacts for retweeting. The result showing that, the published time and delay time have a significant effect to the overall retweeted times the retweeted from the member of public, but the delay time hadn’t make a significant effect for scientists; as while, Journal Public Platform and the retweeted users with many followers also have a significant effect to the overall retweeted times, retweeted from the public and scientists (except the journal public platform for the public). The characteristics of time response and retweeted users’ response reflect the nature of altmetrics——an index for the scientific-social communication.
This paper examines the periodically asymmetric impact of financial development on R&D intensity by using panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China during the period of 1998-2014. The empirical results show that: in the period of economic expansion, improving financial efficiency and financial structure can effectively promote R&D intensity, among them, the former is more conducive to boost R&D intensity; but in the period of recession, due to the crowding out effect of fixed-assets investment on R&D expenditure, improving financial efficiency and financial structure has a negative impact on R&D intensity, and the latter has greater negative influence. After investigation into each region, we found that such crowding out effect is stronger in eastern region. In addition, increasing financial scale in the period of economic expansion will reduce China's R&D intensity, while in the period of economic recession, its impact is limited. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in the eastern and western regions. Therefore, in order to effectively employ the financial method to promote innovation, China should strive to avoid the crowding out effect of fixed-assets investment on R&D expenditure and form diverse mix of technological and financial policy for each region concerning certain stage of business cycle.
In the context of globalization, brain circulation and aggregation across countries, regions, institutions and departments serve as a mechanism of benefit sharing. It has been an important component of the optimal allocation of innovation resources and human capital and has contributed to the knowledge transfer and technology diffusion in a globalized world. The present study identified 3,234 Distinguished Young Scholars of China between the years 1994 and 2014, and 1,840 Yangtze River Scholars of China between the years 1999 and 2014, found 626 of them had experienced mobility. Based on the analysis of their career mobility experience, the present study suggests: (a) the mobility of these star scientists fits the phenomenon of “Peacock Flying to Southeast”, and “brain circulation” has been initially established in the southeast of China; (b) a severe talent shortage is the main characteristic of the so-called “Midwest Crisis” and “Northeast Dilemma”; (c) research institutes represented by the Chinese Academy of Sciences have grown into a major sending place, and universities have become an important receiving institutes, especially top universities; (d) the “seven-year itch” and the so-called “47-year-old phenomenon” exist in the loss of talent; (e) the mobility of scientists is more closely linked to the acquisition of academic capital than to the acquisition of administrative and financial resources. In order to promote the rational and orderly mobility of high-end talent, market malfunction and the failure of public policy should be resolved.
Based on the patent transaction data of China's smartphone industry from 2002 to 2016, through the smart phone industry technology development is divided into the budding period, the emergence and stability period, this study examines the role of geographic, technological and institutional proximity in the evolution of the technology transaction networks of different stages. The empirical results based on QAP network regression method show that the effect of geographic, technological and institutional proximity on the inter-organization technology transaction network is positive and stable, but with the development of industrial technology from the budding stage to the stable stage, the degree of geographical proximity's effect is weakened, and the degree of the technological proximity's effect is enhanced and then weakened, and the degree of the institutional proximity ' effect is not significant. This study extends the theory of proximity to the inter-organization technology transaction network driving mechanism from the perspective of technology life cycle.
In the trend of employing science, technology and innovation to drive social and economic developments, convergence research has been promoted as the new paradigm addressing grand societal and economic challenges in recent years. Based on literature review and pilot evaluation in Chinese Academy of Sciences, major characteristics of this new paradigm were analyzed in this article, which were foundation for the logic model to evaluation convergence research. Then the evaluation framework of convergence research was formed, which provided the theoretical and practical basis for future studies of convergence research. This evaluation framework was composed by four key modules as below: evaluating the effect of solving societal and economic challenges; evaluating the convergence effect of multiple disciplines; evaluating the convergence effect of diverse innovation activities; evaluating the convergence effect of different stakeholders. Moreover, some detail methods and techniques were included for each of the above four modules.
Manufacturing performance components and knowledge management keys are analyzed and interpreted. Interacting ways of knowledge obtaining & transferring & integration influencing on economic, innovation and environment performance are discovered from the viewpoints of methods & process & results. Accordingly, knowledge management intervening stage and influencing degree on manufacturing enterprise different performance are also confirmed based on structural equation model. The results show that knowledge management has the hole process impacts on manufacturing enterprise ecological performance, and there is large space to improve environment and ecological knowledge; external knowledge obtaining can not impact enterprise innovation performance directly, which shows that manufacturing enterprise innovation capability has received great progress and currently knowledge transferring and integrating has become the more important; only knowledge integration has obvious impacts on enterprise economic performance, which proves that at the beginning knowledge management can’t bring practical revenue for enterprise, while in the long run keeping knowledge management activities can finally optimize enterprise economic performance.
Entrepreneurial intention is the best indicator for predicting entrepreneurial behaviors. The researchers with different academic backgrounds have different perspectives on entrepreneurial intention. Based on an integrated perspective of personal factor and opportunity factor, this paper discusses the influence and mechanism among perceived innovation of opportunity, chronically regulatory focus and entrepreneurial intention. The results show that: (1) perceived innovation of opportunities is positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention; (2) the chronical promotion focus strengthens the positive relation between perceived innovation of opportunities and entrepreneurial intention, which means in terms of the strong promotion focus, the higher newness of opportunity will be more likely to stimulate entrepreneurial intention; (3) the chronical prevention focus weakens the positive relation between perception on innovation of opportunities and entrepreneurial intention. This paper further enriches regulatory focus theory and the relevant researches about entrepreneurial intention, and it helps to explore the effective ways to transfer opportunities for innovation into entrepreneurial intention. What’s more, it plays a guiding role in the formulation of entrepreneurship policy.
Based on the theory of strategic alliance and social network, 208 technology enterprises are used as the sample to investigate the relationship between alliance partnership, network embedding and alliance performance. The results show that: the alliance partnership has a positive effect on the performance of the alliance; the network intensity plays a mediating effect in the relationship between trust, communication, information sharing and alliance performance; network stability plays a mediating effect in relationship between trust, communication and alliance performance, but it does not play a mediating effect in relationship between information sharing and alliance performance. Based on the empirical research, this paper proves the mechanism of alliance partnership on alliance performance, further expanding the theoretical basis of establishing strategic alliance, and has important enlightenment significance for enterprises within the alliance to use the alliance internal and external network to acquire knowledge and resources and enhance alliance performance.
The paper analysis the inclusive characteristics of Taobao Village and the strategy significance of developing Taobao Village in Middle-west rural areas. With the 67 texts of national level rural e-commerce policies from 2005 to 2016，it draws out the 8 key elements of establishing Taobao Village and gives the skeleton of routine map. By taking Desheng Village of Ningxia as example，it analyzes the content of 41 online documents related to the development of e-commerce industry，and draws some key factors influencing the development of local Taobao business are identified. Finally，by combining the policy text analysis with the typical case analysis, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the cultivation and development of Taobao Village in the central and western regions of China.
Considering of different financial policies have different influences on firm innovation, this paper divides the financial policies into direct government subsidy and tax reliefs, and defines the innovation output as the market-oriented innovation output and non market-oriented innovation output. On the basis of 2777 high-tech firms in Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park, we examine the moderating effects of firm age and firm size on innovation output. The empirical evidences show that direct government subsidy contributes more to the non market-oriented innovation output, while tax reliefs have a stronger effect on market-oriented innovation output. Besides, the findings suggest that direct government subsidy positively and significantly influence the new firms’ innovation output. Tax reliefs fails to enhance innovative economic performance of new firms, it sometimes even negatively affect it. Firm size is unrelated to the relationship between financial incentives and innovation output. Our research provides some theoretical basis for government to optimize financial policy system to high-tech firms, and is advantageous to promote the development and innovation of high-tech industry.
This article provides new evidence on the role of market-based regulations and command-and-control regulations in relation to environmental innovations and economical and environmental performance of the firms in China. While policymakers have often merged the market-based approaches onto the non-market based regulations, it is sensible and essential to consider the interaction of the two types of regulations and its effects on the environmental technological innovation and firm performance. Using a unique firm survey data this article studies the effects of the two kinds of environmental regulations on firm’s environmental technological innovation and the performance of the firm and their interaction effects. Unlike the previous studies that are typically conducted at the industry level, I would like to take firm heterogeneity into account, and thereby reduce the common problem of omitted variable bias in this analysis. I empirically test the strong and significant effects on environmental technological innovation and firms’ economic and environmental performances from regulations and their interactive effects and the mediation effects of environmental technological innovation between regulations and the performances of the firms.
By collecting panel data of 70 countries from the 1980 to 2016 period, this paper researches how technological innovation responds to climate change, using patent counts of climate change mitigation technologies as technological innovation, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions as climate change, introducing other control variables and employing various econometric methods. The result shows that a country's propensity to innovate and patent a climate-change technology is influenced by the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emissions. Both carbon dioxide emissions from gas and solid fuel consumptions have significant positive impacts on the number of climate-related patents; and negative significant effects of carbon emissions from liquid fuel consumption and other greenhouse gas emissions on the number of climate-related. Furthermore, countries tend to respond more to higher levels of carbon emissions by producing more climate-change technologies. Lastly, the study finds that the presence of government investments in energy, telecom, transport or water sanitation projects does not always prove to be a contributing factor to the development of climate technologies. This paper brings a new theoretical lens to the field of environmental-innovation and provides the basis for some certain policy implications.
This paper integrates the knowledge-based view and innovation management theory, and studies the impact of knowledge couplings on firms’ radical innovation, and the moderating effect of firms’ technological diversity on the relationship between knowledge couplings and firms’ radical innovation, by the panel data of 142 listed Chinese firms during 2010 to 2014 and using random-effects negative binomial regression model. Our findings reveal that the couplings among existing knowledge domains has a negative effect on firms’ radical innovation, and the couplings new and existing knowledge domains has a positive effect on firms’ radical innovation. The results also show that firms’ technological diversity positively moderates the relationship between the couplings among existing knowledge domains and firms’ radical innovation, but negatively moderates the effect of the couplings new and existing knowledge domains on firms’ radical innovation. We develop arguments to explain how changes in knowledge base affect the generation of radical innovation. This paper enriches the research production of knowledge and innovation management, and provides a theoretical basis for firms’ radical innovation to choose the appropriate knowledge couplings.
