Precision medicine poses ethical supervision challenges in four aspects: data security and sharing, privacy protection, operational procedures and supervision norms of clinical applications, and genetic counseling. Taking genetic testing as an example, this study uses the method of document analysis to analyze the gap between the current situation of policies and regulations of genetic testing’s ethical supervision in China and the inherent requirements of precision medicine’s ethical supervision. Based on the results of document analysis, this study proposes to deal with the challenges brought by ethical supervision of precision medicine, the ethical supervision of genetic testing in China should first be appropriately extended and revised on the basis of existing policies and regulations, then focus on the adaptability, flexibility, and sensitivity of ethical supervision’s policies and regulations on genetic testing, and strengthen precision medical ethics training for relevant practitioners.
In recent years, Internet is triggering a major change to the Techno-economic paradigm, creating a major revolution in terms of production factors, mode of production and industrial organization models, and bring mankind into the age of new economy development which is backing upon Internet. The change logic of techno-economic paradigm is: Significant innovations of Internet technology trigger industrial revolution, which in turn leads to the general installation of Internet infrastructure, then forms the new Internet-based production technical conditions, furthermore the change of production technical conditions lead to the development of new production key factors. Against that background, the economic entities leverage the big data production factors to carry out their production activities under the digital production technology conditions, and achieve great commercial success. Thus, the new thought pattern and behavior-inertia which based upon the new production technology conditions and new production factors are formed and continuous to strengthen, then new rules and common sense come into being, the overall operating mechanism of the economic system changes. This is the process of the emergence and development of the new Techno-economic paradigm.
All kinds of innovative groups play an increasingly important role in economic，social and technological development and the Group innovation mechanism has also become an important research issue. Cognitive neuroscience，after years of development，has achieved rich research results，providing basic theory and new perspectives to research and develop community innovation mechanisms. This article selected topics contributed to the source of the literature from the management，neuroscience and psychology of the relevant journals，through literature research and theoretical analysis，mainly from the four dimensions of the group innovation mechanism. It is found that group cooperation is essentially derived from brain mechanism, and opens up the black box of brain mechanism behind the mechanism of group innovation process, explains the analytical thinking mechanism in the process of progressive innovation and the insight thinking mechanism in the process of breakthrough innovation, revealing the neural mechanism of the transformational and ethical leadership mechanism in group innovation, and the cultivation mechanism of the group's innovative emotional atmosphere and trust atmosphere. In the future，interdisciplinary research will provide a promising model that combine theory and method of cognitive neuroscience and the theory and practice of innovation management to achieve a breakthrough in the development of group innovation research.
The supply and demand side policies need to be favorably interacted with “government procurement market”; “commercial operation market” and “private procurement market”. It is a key problem urgently to be solved in China's new energy vehicle industry. Based on the comparative perspective of the heterogeneous markets, this paper uses panel data regression and panel quantile regression to analyze the difference effect on the new energy vehicle demand market between the supply side policies and the demand side policies. The results show that the three types of heterogeneity markets show different development potentials and paths due to the different formation reasons and different target consumer. The effects of the supply and demand side policies on the three heterogeneous markets are different, and the demand side policies has more significant effects than the supply side policies. The incentive effect of the supply and demand side policies of new energy vehicle changed with the different size of the three heterogeneity markets. The government should fully consider the heterogeneous and different scale of market, when formulating policies for the new energy vehicle industry, and implements differentiated policies.
Abstract: as the mainstream of technology innovation in the new century , developing disruptive technology is an important means to occupy the commanding heights of international competition. The governments of all countries generally provide policy support. This paper proposes eleven policy tools based on the internal process of strategic niche management (SNM) and combines the three stages of SNM niche transition to build a two-dimensional analysis model for the policy protection space of disruptive technology, which provides a new perspective for policy analysis. The aim is to better guide the use and optimization of policy tools to promote disruptive technology to successfully across the “valley of death” between research & development and market and achieve the ultimate “disruption”. Finally, the effective of the model is verified with the study on the construction and evolution of the policy protection space and the application of policy tools in new energy vehicle industry.
Based on the survey data of 1413 enterprises in Suzhou, we use the propensity score matching method (PSM) to analysis the distribution tendency of government's science and technology projects and the incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. We consider the internal interaction between government's different R&D supporting methods. This paper finds that government's science and technology projects tend to support enterprises that have high-tech recognitions, stronger investments in R&D and better technical bases. Scientific and technological projects have a significant incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. These enterprises' average R&D intensity is 3.75 percentage points higher than that of the enterprises that have not participated. This incentive effect is influenced by factors such as high-tech recognition. In the enterprises which have obtained high-tech recognition, the government science and technology projects have a significant positive incentive effect on enterprises' R&D input. This incentive effect is not significant in the enterprises without high-tech recognition.
As a new policy instrument of local governments, co-founded university incubators play a significant role in innovation city building and technology commercialization. However, under the homogeneous institutional structure, there is a great difference of organizational performance among co-founded university incubators. In this paper, we use extended case study method to unfold the process of the changing boundaries in TS Incubator which is the first co-founded university incubator in China. We reveal that there are 3 stages of boundary-drawing in the past 20 years, and TS Incubator as a boundary organization has changed its organizational forms 4 times for catering to different actors in the institutional environment. By opening the “black box” of “consensus” and “institutional hybrid”, we also find out the crux of maintain the hybridity of the incubator is not reaching consensus but reserving heterogeneity. Furthermore, institutional pressures and institutional logics are two important variables which influence the results of boundary-drawing.
This paper defines the networking strategy of emerging Industrial enterprises from both the integration of industry chain and innovation chain and the absorptive capacity of enterprise knowledge under the secondary incubation scenario. Meanwhile, based on the dynamic simulation model of emerging industry knowledge network constructed by complex network theory, it also reveals the evolution law of emerging industry on innovation network and knowledge level under enterprises’ different networking strategies when secondary incubating. The result of research shows that the innovative network evolution and knowledge emergence can be affected by enterprise networking strategies. And emerging industries will eventually realize the emergence of knowledge networks, while adopting different networking strategies such as knowledge depth, knowledge width and integration orientation. But there still are differences among various evolution rules of innovation network and knowledge level. To sum up, while promoting industrial agglomeration, attracting and cultivating companies with heterogeneous knowledge and increasing the integration of innovation chain and industrial chain plays an important role in improving the secondary incubation function.
EMNEs face significant spillovers of regulatory legitimacy in the process of internationalization, but this phenomenon needs to be further studied. Combined with studies on corporate political strategy, this paper tries to answer what kind of regulatory legitimacy spillovers is facing EMNEs and how EMNEs deal with them. Based on analysis on Huawei, we find out that: (1) EMNEs are mainly facing positive and negative regulatory legitimacy spillovers from home country, third countries and also regulatory organizations; (2) EMNEs can benefit more from positive spillovers by using bridging and networking strategies and suffer less from negative spillovers by using buffering and isolating strategies. This study deepens our understanding on the heterogeneity of legitimacy spillovers and on EMNEs’ political strategies.
In the context of regarding the depth development of civil-military integration(CMI) as a national strategy, civil-involved military has become the most important models of the civil-military integration collaborative innovation. This paper extracts 18 influencing factors of the knowledge transfer in civil-involved military by combing the relevant literatures. On this basis, we find five types of main factors such as integration environment, innovation subject, operation mechanism, subject interaction and cooperation obstacle by using exploratory factor analysis. The article builds the influencing factors model of the knowledge transfer in civil-involved military process under the perspective of civil-military integration collaborative innovation. Meanwhile, we apply the structural equation model and the factor analysis method to verify hypotheses and corrections combined with the questionnaire data. The research results show that: a good integration environment, operation mechanism, innovative subjects, subject interaction have significant positive influences on the performance of knowledge transfer in civil-involved military process. Conversely, cooperation obstacle has a significant negative effect on the performance of knowledge transfer; Operation mechanism has positive impact on subject interaction. Integration environment and operation mechanism effect on cooperation obstacles are negative; Specially, operation mechanism is the greatest factor to the performance of the knowledge transfer in civil-involved military process and it plays the key boosting role in transfer process.
The paper reveals how post-merger integration mode impact acquirer’s knowledge spillover capacity of overseas M&As by enterprises in emerging economies, and how global network position of the acquiring firm mediates this effect. Building on organizational behavior, network, resource orchestration theory, we suggest that the effect between integration mode and network position, depends on resource similarity and complementarity of acquirer and target firm. Using structural equation modelling and bootstrap test, the hypotheses are tested by drawing on a sample of 102 technology-sourcing overseas M&As by Chinese listed manufacture companies. The result shows that acquirers in emerging countries are not able to increase knowledge spillover capacity unless they choose the right post-merger integration mode, including business integration and brand harmonization; We also find the relationship between integration and knowledge spillover is channelled through centrality and structural holes of acquirer in global innovation network. Overall, our study contributes the network view of post-merger integration and knowledge spillover, and shed light on the critical role of post-merger integration mode in the competitive advantage theory of latecomer firms in emerging countries.
In the process of dynamic evolution of collaborative innovation network, what opportunities and constraints do inventors face? We empirically explore the impact of the dynamic of inventors’ ego-networks on their knowledge search depth and breadth and also explore the moderating effect of dynamic of network community on the relationship between the dynamic of ego-network and knowledge search depth and breadth through using negative binomial model based on patents applied by Huawei and Apple companies to USPTO. We found that the ego-network expansion and recession both have an inverted U-shaped influence on knowledge search depth and breadth, and ego-network stability negatively affect knowledge search depth and breadth. Further empirical results show that the expansion of the network community has a positive moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped between the expansion of ego-network and knowledge search depth and breadth, the stability of network community enhances the negative effect of the stability of ego-network on knowledge depth and breadth, and the recession of the network community also has a positive moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped between the recession of ego-network and knowledge search depth and breadth. We try to make up studied on the functional mechanisms of the innovation network from a static perspective and from a single level, and we expect to guide innovator bodies to construct and manage their innovation network.
Entrepreneurship is an important force for China to promote innovation-driven strategy and economic structural transformation. Why does individuals have differentiated entrepreneurial decisions under the same institutional environment? Therefore, the study reveals the micro mechanism by which the institutional environment effects individuals’ entrepreneurial decision-making. Through the empirical analysis of 1000 research data, the results show: (1)positive cognition of institutions will significantly promote the entrepreneurial decision-making; (2)the entrepreneurial institutional environment ultimately acts on entrepreneurial decision-making by influencing individuals' risk perception and opportunity assessment; (3)the specific ways that the three institutions effect decision are different. The cognitive institution influences entrepreneurial decision-making through the continuous mediators of risk perception and opportunity evaluation. The regulatory institution and the normative institution are partly mediated by these factors; (4)individual’s risk perception significantly negatively affects opportunity evaluation. The two cognitive factors have negative and positive effects on entrepreneurial decision-making respectively. These conclusions are helpful to improve the construction of institution and the quality of entrepreneurship in China.
This study examines the effects of three forms of R&D - marketing relationships - cooperation, competition, and coopetition - on innovation performance. Based on an empirical study among Chinese IT firms, we found that R&D-marketing cooperation and coopetition exert positive effects on innovation performance, while the inter-sector competition has a negative effect on innovation performance. Besides, we also explored the moderating mechanism of political tie. Based on the regression analysis, we found the political tie plays a significantly negative moderating role between the cooperation and coopetition on innovation performance, while the political tie does not have a significant moderating effect between competition and innovation performance.
This paper takes the Chinese start-up companies as empirical research objects to explore the impact of openness on start-up companies’ innovation performance considering the role of absorptive capacity and market environment in order to further study the mechanism of the impact. The article adopts multiple regression and other methods to empirically analyze the 223 sets of valid data. The results show that openness and absorptive capacity have a positive impact on the innovation performance of start-up companies; openness has a positive impact on absorptive capacity; absorptive capacity plays a partial intermediary role between openness and innovation performance; The market environment moderates the relationship between openness and innovation performance.
In the 21st century, with the development of the internet, mobile communications, internet of things, cloud computing and big data, etc., and the rise of the knowledge economy, consumerism and crowdsourcing, the traditional innovation mode led by technology innovation has become difficult to adapt to the complex and volatile market environment and rapid iteration of consumer demand during internet and intelligent era. Not only traditional large-scale technology enterprises have fallen into the "Innovator's Dilemma", but also many small and medium-sized emerging technological enterprises urgently need more effective innovation modes to guide and lead. For this purpose, based on the analysis of the innovation difficulties and core issues in the new era, the paper reviews and compares existing theories on integrated innovation, and proposes a value-oriented TDBMC integrated innovation mode that can effectively integrate multiple innovation dimensions, and suit to the needs of the new era. Finally the paper concludes with the advantages of this new mode, and gives the conclusions and future research directions.
