This paper makes a historical study of the evolution of the scientific and technological catch-up strategy of new China ,from the two major stages of the socialist construction period in the first 17 years of the People's Republic of China and the construction period of the socialist market economy after the Reform and Opening up. The study shows that the strategy of science and technology catch-up has played a significant role in promoting the development of science and technology in China. On this basis, this paper discusses several important issues related to S&T catch-up strategy, including the goal of catch-up, the role of the government, the relationship between learning and catch-up and innovation, talent training and talent flow, and the limit of catch-up.
Industrial generic technology has the characteristics of both competitiveness and public welfare. The role of government in promoting such technology has always been a controversial topic in public science and technology governance. In the past 70 years, through the process of establishing, developing and reforming public scientific research institutions, relying on the policy combination of finance, taxation, management of state-owned capital, insurance, non-profit organizations and S&T achievements transformation, China has explored and formed a “putting in” mode that improve the diffusion of technological elements into the process of industrialization systematically.
Signature System is crucial to the operation of science. With the transformation of the production mode of knowledge, the traditional authorship has exposed the crisis. Then the contributor model was proposed. Can the contributorship solve the signature problem and better realize the function of the scientific signature system? After in-depth study of the function of the scientific signature system and the crisis of authorship, it is found that the characteristics of modern scientific activities, such as scientific cooperation, commercialization research and digital publication, lead to signature system dysfunction, and the contributorship could better adapt to these characteristics. The rationality of the contributor model replacing the author model is that the one-dimensional contribution description is replaced by the two-dimensional contribution description, which lead to a more accurate contribution description. However, the contributorship does not fully reflect the real contribution and does not completely solve the scientific signature problem.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the key driving force of the 4th industrial revolution, and has the potential to become the core of industrial transformation in the future. Under the background of a new round of AI technology revolution since 2012, using 21 AI-related industry policies at the national level in China as the sample, this paper uses content analysis to analyze the current situation and existing problems of AI industrial policy-making in China, based on the two-dimensional analysis framework of policy tools and innovation process. The result shows that China’s AI industry policy needs to increase demand-side policy tools, and make more policies focusing on the commercial stage, with the maturity and development of AI industry, thus carry out overall AI industry policy arrangement quickly.
Using the data of World Input-output database, this paper calculates the embedding degree of global value chain（GVC）as well as domestic technological content of Chinese manufacturing industry from 2001 to 2014. We further empirically study the effects of global value chain embedding、indigenous R&D、technology import and other influencing factors on the domestic technological content. The results show that GVC embedding can effectively promote the domestic technological content. And there exists significant non-linear inverted U shape relationship between GVC embedding and domestic technological content. GVC embedding can improve the domestic technological content through the intermediate import effect, the industry competition effect as well as the big market effect. Indigenous R&D and foreign technology import has positive promotion to domestic technological content, the promoting effect of indigenous R&D is greater. From the perspective of industry heterogeneity, we classifies manufacturing industry into three types: labor-intensive industries、capital and technology- intensive industries as well as high-tech industries. The promoting effect of GVC embedding is greater in labor-intensive industries than the other two industries.
Basic scientific research, as the main way of knowledge production, has been aroused worldwide attention in background of knowledge economy. In this paper, we develop an economic growth model which devides knowledge into basic scientific knowledge and technical application knowledge based on the nature of knowledge and endogenous growth theory. It is used to understand the determinants of different types of knowledge accumulation and the impact to economic growth. We draw one conclusion: the efficiency of basic knowledge into applied technologies will have an impact on the path of economic growth. When economy is in balance growth path, the basic knowledge and the ability of conversion will be conducive to economic growth. The empirical analysis supports the main idea by using the relevant panel data about basic research input from 2004 to 2015.
Digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and social media are constantly infiltrating and changing entrepreneurial behaviors and outcomes. However, the research on how digital technologies influence entrepreneurial activities is still under exploration, and there’s no systematic research framework. Based on this, this paper reviews articles on this topic in the past 21 years from 1998 to 2018 in 52 journals of FT50 and UTD24 to reveal the connotation and attributes of digital technology and its impact on entrepreneurial activities. The results show that digital technology has positive and negative effects on entrepreneurial activities and challenges existing entrepreneurial theories, including resource-based view, dynamic capabilities theory, institutional theory, network theory, opportunity discovery and creation theory. Finally, based on the research limitations and realistic needs, this paper present a future research framework and the issues that need to be further studied using process theory.
Utilize micro data of listed new energy companies in China from 2011 to 2015 and apply regression analysis to examines the relationship among environmental R&D subsidies, environmental R&D investments and corporate environmental performance. The results show that environmental R&D subsidies have a significant effect on the environmental performance, and environmental R&D investments play a mediating role between environmental R&D subsidies and corporate environmental performance. Furthermore, the results also show that environmental R&D subsidies can positively promote environmental R&D investments and corporate environmental performance under strong internal regulation, and the environmental R&D investments can positively promote corporate environmental performance under strong external regulation. When the internal and external regulation facing the company are both strong, the environmental R&D subsidies show the strongest effect on corporate environmental performance. Environmental R&D subsidies have a more significant effect on the environmental performance in the enterprises who face high external regulation and low internal regulation than the enterprises who face low external regulation and high internal regulation.
Starting from the main position of agent companies in the joint research and development of complex products and combining with the characteristics of joint research and development of complex products, we have established a multi-agent agency model that considers the overconfidence of agency companies, and discussed whether the main position of the agency company impact on the performance of the joint research and development of complex products. Research findings: 1) For complex products with high customization difficulty and high demand for joint R&D, the consignment company should select agencies with the same status to conduct joint R&D, and instead should choose agencies with different status; 2) when the two agencies are in the same position The overconfidence of the agency company will increase its own R&D efforts, and it will also increase the level of joint R&D efforts of the companies with which it works; 3) When an agency is in a dominant position, its overconfidence will weaken its efforts in joint research and development, and at the same time, it will reduce the level of effort that the company with which it works has invested in independent work.
The essence of managerial learning is gaining legitimacy. However, there are few studies concerning the legitimacy mechanism in managerial learning. Taking Huawei as a case, this article analyses its successful experience in managerial learning with the method of case study. This research finds that Huawei pay attention to construction on both external and internal legitimacy. In addition, this article identifies kinds of legitimacy mechanism and a number of practical implications that will be helpful to managerial learning.
The theory of disruptive innovation in national mega-projects is still lack of systematic understanding. This article will take China's high-speed railway project as an example to analyze the disruptive innovation pattern of national mega-projects. First of all, this paper systematically traces back to the theory of disruptive innovation and summarizes the connotations of disruptive innovations. Simultaneously, from the historical development of several typical national mega-projects in China, this paper summarizes the connotations of national mega-projects. Based on the two connotations, we summarize the theoretical basis of disruptive innovation in national mega-projects. Secondly, by analyzing the historical process of the development of China’s high-speed rail from the perspectives of technological innovation level-time dimension, market scale-time dimension and industry division dimension, we analyze the mechanism of the development of high-speed rail; by analyzing the mechanism of the implementation subject, the dominant factor and the key breakthroughs, we built the "Triple Three" pattern of disruptive innovation of China’s high-speed rail and analyze it from the perspectives of the innovation characteristics, scope of applications and innovation environments of disruptive innovation in national mega-projects. Finally, the conclusion is drawn and the research enlightenment of this article is analyzed from the perspectives of scope of applications of disruptive innovation in national mega-projects.
In the past 30 years, China's venture capital industry has achieved a very high growth rate and huge volume of transactions in a short period of time. It has become the most remarkable venture capital market in Asia and even the whole world nowadays. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the reasons for the rapid development of China's innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem under the framework of Evolutionary Economics theory. Based on the venture capital infusion, investing and exiting chain, this paper argues that innovation and entrepreneurship ecology, venture capital fund ecology and multi-level capital market ecology are interlinked. In practice, the development and construction of China in these three ecological systems are also interlinked, which therefore form a circulating cumulative effect and strengthening the system. It is the cumulative force that promotes the entire innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem in China and builds a spiral development trend.
Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2004 to 2015, this paper studies the differential influence of innovation quantity and innovation quality on the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure(TUIS) from the perspective of institutional quality. The study found that: (1) The innovation quantity could significantly promote TUIS, while the innovation quality has no significant effect due to its lower level; (2) The coordinated development of innovation quantity and institutional quality did not promote TUIS, while innovation quality and institutional quality did; (3) The innovation quantity has a single institutional quality threshold 4.9200 for the industrial structure advancement(ISA). With the institutional quality exceeds the threshold, the impact of innovation quantity on ISA will change from negative to positive, while the innovation quantity does not have an institutional quality threshold for industrial structure rationalization(ISR); (4) The innovation quality has double institutional quality threshold 5.4486 and 6.7066 for ISA and a single institutional quality threshold 7.5419 for ISR. As the institutional quality exceeds the threshold, the impact of innovation quality on ISA and ISR will Change from negative to positive; (5) The institutional quality threshold of innovation quality for TUIS is higher than that of innovation quantity. The institutional quality threshold for ISR is also higher than ISA. In the future, China will need to spare no efforts to improve the innovation quality and accelerate the process of market-oriented construction in order to promote TUIS with high-quality innovation.
A healthy innovation ecosystem should be productive, sustainable, and diverse. From the perspective of enterprises, it screens the indexes through the Delphi method, develops quantifiable third level evaluation indexes and determines the weights of each level to construct an innovation ecosystem health evaluation index system including three first level indexes such as productivity, adaptability and diversity and nine second level indexes such as production efficiency, innovation output, resistibility and species diversity. Taking the manufacturing industry clusters in Hunan Province as an example to analyze the health of the innovation ecosystem in 2016, it also shows that their health was at a medium level. Based on the conclusions, it finally proposes corresponding countermeasures.
With the deterioration of China's ecological environment, green technology innovation has become an important way for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry under the constraints of environmental regulation. We use the mechanism of environmental regulation, green technology innovation and the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry as an entry point, and GMM estimation method is used to test the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation and green technology innovation on manufacturing transformation and upgrading. The results show that strict environmental regulation will promote enterprises to carry out green technology innovation, and green technology innovation and manufacturing transformation and upgrading have a U-shaped relationship. We further divide the national sample into the eastern region and the central and western regions to exam the regional differences in the transformation and upgrading of green technology innovation. The results show that the green technology innovation level in the eastern and the central and western regions is located on the left side of the U-shaped curve. With the continuous implementation of green technology innovation, the central and western regions will reach the “threshold value” of the U-shaped curve and achieve transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry earlier than the eastern region.
As an important informal system, social trust is of great significance to economic and social development. This paper uses the panel data of listed companies from 2008 to 2014, to investigate the relationship between social trust and corporate innovation ability, and reveal whether social trust contributes to economic development. The result shows that social trust can significantly enhances corporate innovation ability, indicating that the informal system of social trust can affect economic development by promoting corporate innovation. Further research finds that the mechanism of social trust in promoting corporate innovation ability is that social trust can not only alleviate corporate financing constraints, but also make up for the shortcomings of formal systems. This study is of great significance for understanding the role of informal system such as social trust in promoting corporate innovation and even economic growth.
