The emergence of controversial emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and artificial intelligence, has led to the discussion on the governance of emerging technology in both research and practice. As a new perspective of scientific and technological innovation, responsible innovation provides a theoretical paradigm basis for the discussion on governance challenges caused by negative externalities and risks of emerging technologies. The research focuses on the issue of governance of emerging technologies, and makes a systematic review based on the perspective of responsible innovation, so as to provide systematic implications for the theoretical research and policy practice of emerging technology governance. The research shows that: the existing literature on the governance of emerging technologies involves three research streams, namely the process perspective, the action perspective, and the governance system’s structure perspective. Moreover, based on the responsible innovation paradigm, the governance of emerging technology has emerged five major literature streams, involving the goal-setting perspective, the actor participation perspective, the value criterion coordination perspective, the process response perspective, and the institution construction perspective.
Most of the public health emergencies occurring repeatedly in history are consequences of the disorder of the “One Health”, behind which lies the epistemological misunderstanding of human-animal binary. The hierarchy between rational man and animal machine leads to the domination and control of “self” to “others”, encouraging human’s trample on animals and the environment. However, while humans wantonly kill animals, animals retaliate with the same way. This very “general mobilization” against the virus is derived from the collapse of the human-animal relationship in the universal-connected health network. This outbreak would just be a dress rehearsal for the next crisis, if serious reflection on the epistemological misconceptions are not made. Only by dismantling dualism and establishing the extensive cooperation can humans co-habitat and co-evolve with animals, living in the “One World” and sharing with “One Health”.
Disruptive technology, as an important part of technological innovation, has become a powerful engine to promote technological change. Identifying and tracking the characteristics and trends of disruptive technology evolution has important research value and practical significance to the state and enterprises. It is helpful for identification of disruptive technology priority areas and rational allocation of resources. To this end, this paper starts with the four characteristics of disruptive technology, introduces theme-timing sequence analysis and patent citation network analysis, and proposes an analysis model for the evolution of disruptive technology themes from the perspective of mutation-fusion. Leiden community discovery algorithm is introduced to identify technology themes. Finally, in order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model, this paper selects the field of additive manufacturing technology to carry out empirical research. The analysis results provide a basis for the judgment and rule summary of the evolution path of additive manufacturing technology. Compared with previous studies, the model in this paper fully combines the characteristics of disruptive technology. Meanwhile, the analysis conclusions of technology topic evolution are more specific and diversified, which provides a basis for accurately grasping the evolution path and future development direction of disruptive technology topic.
Under the background of economic globalization, the fragmentation production characteristics of electronic information industry are more obvious because of its long industrial chain. The existing research mainly focuses on the overall level of electronic information industry, and lacks of thinking about the dynamic and division concept of electronic information industry from the perspective of industrial chain. Based on this, using the electronic information trade data of 222 countries or regions from 2006 to 2018, using the method of social network research, this paper explores the topological structure of trade network of representative products in the upstream, midstream and downstream of the electronic information industrial chain, as well as the network status and pattern evolution of main countries. The results show that: the core periphery structure of electronic information trade network is obvious; The upstream supply chain network presents a chain structure with sparse network density and few new countries join in, China’s position in the upstream trade network has risen, but it is still not in the core of the network; The top-level network in the midstream and downstream is characterized by “flattening”; In 2006, China has been in the key position of most of the product trade network. By 2018, China has further risen to the core of the network. Based on this, it provides useful policy implications for improving the status of China’s electronic information industry in the global network and promoting the high-quality development of electronic information industry.
In order to meet the challenges faced by China ’s international protection of intellectual property rights in participating in the restructuring of bilateral, regional, and multilateral trade rules, this study uses 63 free trade agreement texts signed by major economies in the Asia-Pacific region that explicitly include intellectual property rules and UN statistics. 126 sets of trade data were used for the evaluation of FTA intellectual property rules protection intensity and difference analysis. Based on this, a gravitational model was constructed to conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of FTA intellectual property rules changes on the country's export trade structure. The study found that the enhanced protection of intellectual property rules in free trade agreements has a more significant effect on the optimization of export trade structure in developed countries than in developing countries. For this reason, this paper proposes that in the face of the FTA bilateral and multilateral trade agreement signing process, the Chinese government should try to reduce the negative impact of increased intellectual property protection in the short term, and actively formulate policies in the long run to force various export-oriented industries to pay attention to their knowledge Suggestions on the construction of property rights to promote its transformation and upgrading.
Because of the fact that the main way of assessing transformation efficiency of basic research results is not accurate on choosing basic research results nor detailed on evaluating output quality of transformation of basic research results, which cannot help to form the path of enhancing the efficiency. Consequently, this paper introduces LQ-E transformation efficiency of basic research results assessment model, which combines measurement of linkage between technology development and basic research, patent quality of technology fields. This model analyses transformation efficiency of basic research results of essential technology fields in China on the basis of assessment of transformation efficiency, makes comparison with America and Japan, and gives advice of the path of enhancing the efficiency. The results show: 1) Transformation efficiency of basic research of various technology fields of China are lower than America and Japan, due to the shortage of transformation of basic research results and subsequent development of technology; 2) Agriculture, manufacturing of China are the technical themes that need to strengthen linkage between basic research and technology development, so as to follow the frontier and hotspot of technology; 3) Energy, network of China are the technical themes that need to improve patent quality in order to improve transformation efficiency; 4) Material of China need to strengthen cooperation of companies and research institutes in order to search for emerging technical themes for basic results transformation and maintain patent quality.
The successful transformation of scientific and technological achievements is closely related to the choice of transformation mode. Taking the transformation mode management of scientific and technological achievements of Ningbo Institute of materials technology and engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example, this paper explores the relationship between technology readiness level and transformation mode of scientific and technological achievements. The research shows that the appropriate matching between technology readiness level and transformation mode of scientific and technological achievements can significantly promote the successful transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In order to promote the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements, scientific research institutions should optimize the management of their transformation mode based on the technology readiness level. For scientific and technological achievements in different technology readiness level, the appropriate transformation mode corresponding to them should be chosen first.
Based on the new tendency of the incubator clustering development, this paper focuses on multi-agent value co-creation and the role of policy in different formative stages of the cluster, combining with the Institutional Work theory and the Value Co-creation theory, through a case study of cluster of incubators in Guangzhou Development District, exploring the internal mechanism of the formation of cluster of incubators. We found that: Firstly, the government helps to form the cluster of incubators through the coordination of internal and external institutional work, and with the improvement of the external institutional environment, the role of the government within the cluster changes from "institution maker" to "auxiliary service provider". Second, under the interactive influence of institutional environment and behavior of cluster actors, the motivations of cluster actors for value co-creation tends to be synergistic, which further improves the breadth and depth of their interaction and resource integration. Thirdly, the institutional work of government and the cluster of incubators co-evolve. In the process of government institution obeying-institution integration- institution deepening, the institution of value co-creation in the cluster realizes the transformation of value co-connection - value co-integration - value symbiosis.
Technology transfer practices are a series of actions taken by technology transfer agencies to promote technology transfer.Based on the multi-case study of five "Double-Firstclass" universities, this paper identifies the specific forms of technology transfer practices and the main barriersto technology transfer in universities and explains the mechanism of technology transfer practicesdiminishingtechnology transfer barriers. The findings are as follows. (1) Technology transfer practices include internal management simplification, external network building, boundary spanning and culture management, among which internal management simplification is a unique and important practice in China. (2) Internal management simplification can reduce management barriers by reducing complexity and uncertainty. External network building and boundary spanningalleviate resource barriers by acquiring external resources and improving the efficiency of resource allocation. Boundary spanning and culture management overcome cultural barriers through information translation and personnel empowerment. In order to promote technology transfer effectiveness, universities should fully integrate and optimize the technology transfer organization system and attach more importance to diverse technology transfer practices.
In view of the economic transformation of the enterprise system to the influence of capital to high-tech enterprise growth, this study in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other places of 466 high and new technology enterprises as the research object, adopt the method of questionnaire to collect the sample data, the enterprise intellectual capital as a moderator variable, analyzed the system of capital (formal system and informal system of capital), the relationship between intellectual capital and firm growth.The results show that there is a significant downward convex positive relationship between formal institutional capital and high-tech enterprise growth.There is a significant upward and convex positive relationship between informal institutional capital and high-tech enterprise growth.The more intellectual capital an enterprise has, the more obvious the growth curve formed by formal institutional capital and high-tech enterprises grows, while the more obvious the growth defect formed by informal institutional capital and high-tech enterprises grows.Relevant conclusions can provide theoretical support and reference for Chinese high-tech enterprises to make strategic decisions in the process of growth.
In recent years, the adoption of digital technology has been playing a vital role for firms to develop against the backdrop of digitalization. Considering the importance of digital technology, the Chinese government has enacted many policies aimed at promoting the rapid growth of the use of digital technology. However, few scholars have examined the influence of the external environment on the adoption of digital technology for SMEs in China. For this purpose, an empirical model was developed using the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework. Data collected from 207 digital SMEs was analyzed by utilizing the structural equation modelling. Our results first indicated that two environmental predictors including government policy and competitor pressure have an indirect effect on the adoption. At the same time, we also found that the influence of perceived benefits on the adoption turned out to be insignificant. This study contributes greatly by empirically proposing two significant environmental factors which are critical for digital SMEs in China. Further, this research also extends the TOE framework by introducing two mediating variables, which explain how the path of government policy and competitor pressure to adoption works.
with the enrichment and improvement of green entrepreneurship theory, green entrepreneurship orientation has become an important topic in the field of green entrepreneurship research. Based on the theory of knowledge creation spiral, this paper introduces green knowledge creation and knowledge absorptive capacity as mediating variables and moderating variables, and constructs a theoretical model of the influence mechanism of green entrepreneurial orientation on green competitive advantage. Through the empirical analysis of 589 questionnaires, the results show that: Green entrepreneurial orientation has a positive impact on green competitive advantage; green knowledge creation plays an intermediary role between green entrepreneurial orientation and green competitive advantage; knowledge absorptive capacity positively moderates not only the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and green competitive advantage, but also the relationship between green knowledge creation and green competitive advantage; knowledge absorption capability positively moderates the process of green entrepreneurial orientation influencing green competitive advantage through green knowledge creation. The results of this research are helpful to enrich and expand green entrepreneurship theory and provide guidance for green entrepreneurship practice.
Silicon Valley is recognized as a synonym for innovation and growth, and it is currently one of global disruptive innovation centers in spotlight. Meanwhile, Apple, Intel, Google and other relevant enterprises in Silicon Valley have become industrial leaders. What explains the persistence of disruptive innovation in Silicon Valley? Combined with the actual needs and research gaps, the case study method is used to explain the code of disruptive innovation through the enterprises’ innovation ecosystem in Silicon Valley. The article first reviews the origins of Silicon Valley and describes the innovation trajectory led by Silicon Valley enterprises. Secondly, it focuses on the analysis of the basic characteristics of typical disruptive innovations of Silicon Valley enterprises, and extracts the common drivers to realize these disruptive innovations. The results show that :(1) building a new and powerful enterprise innovation ecosystem is an important carrier to promote silicon valley enterprises from "late entrant" to "disrupter"; (2) Embedding platforming thinking and modular logic is the key to enhance the uniqueness of silicon Valley's enterprise innovation ecosystem. In the end, some management enlightenments are condensed to provide references for Chinese enterprises that are actively exploring disruptive innovation.
Original innovation is the driving force for the development and progress of science and technology, and an important factor in determining the success or failure of science and technology and even economic competition among countries. China has always taken the enhancement of original innovation ability as a major strategy for national science and technology development in the new era. This paper focuses on the original innovation policy documents issued by the state in the context of the innovative national strategy (2006-2019), and through the establishment of the PMC evaluation index model and topic model, it evaluates and analyzes China's original innovation policy in three dimensions: the overall quality, the distribution trend of indicators and the evolution of topics. The results show that, in the context of the innovation-oriented national strategy, the original innovation policies are rich in types, comprehensive in content, mainly encouraging and guiding policies and focusing on innovation resource supply policy tools. However, there is still room for improvement in the supervision and evaluation, the coverage and implementation, and the role of guiding the transformation of innovative achievements. In view of the existing problems of the national original innovation policy under the background of the innovation-oriented national strategy, this paper proposes relevant suggestions for our government to formulate and implement the original innovation policy more scientifically and effectively.
With the rapid development of information technology, online innovation communities have become an important way for many companies to obtain user innovation resources to promote open innovation. However, many communities still face the problem of low activity and insufficient user contributions. In recent years, scholars and managers have paid great importance to the driving factors of users’ contribution behavior. In online communities, online communication expands the scope of people’s interaction, and user frequent interactions build a complex social network, which also forms the most essential difference between online communities and face-to-face user communication. So, under such conditions, how does user interaction in social networks affect users’ contributions behavior? This research will answer this question. Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response(S-O-R) theory, a conceptual model is proposed to explain how peer influence (breadth, depth) affect users’ contribution behavior (proactive contribution, responsive contribution), and the mediating effect of perceived benefits between peer influence and users’ contribution behavior.
The research takes the creative market section of Xiaomi community MIUI function and discussion area as the object, a total of 6567 user data were collected through python, including 8830 ideas and 5,2560 comments posted by users, as well as 103,3558 comments received and so on, and use Mplus8.1 to analyze and test the data. A structural equation model, regression analysis, and bootstrapping method were applied to analyze the objective data from the network of Xiaomi. The research results show that: (1) peer influence (breadth and depth) positively affect users’ contribution behavior; (2) user’s integrative benefits positive mediates the relationship between peer influence and users’ contribution behavior; (3) user’s affective benefits positive mediates the relationship between peer influence and proactive contribution behavior; (4) user’s cognitive benefits negative mediates the relationship between peer influence depth and responsive contribution behavior. Therefore, this research has important theoretical and practical significance.
In theory, previous research on peer influence is common in the field of sociology, such as research on effect of adolescent’s antisocial behavior. The online community creates a network-based user social environment that promotes user interaction. The paper introduces peer influence into the study of user behavior in online innovation communities, and deepens the research on the effect of peer influence on users’ contribution behavior in online innovation communities. Previous studies mainly examined the influence of users’ internal and external motivation factors, external environmental factors on users’ contribution behavior, ignoring the social network context of online communities. At the same time, we expand the literature on peer influence in social networks, supplementing the literature on peer influence on users’ contribution behavior in online communities. Second, we aim to expand the understanding of the connotation of peer influence in online communities. We divide the peer influence into the peer influence breadth and peer influence depth, and deeply explore the influence of the horizontal and vertical changes in the user’s knowledge base brought about by peer influence in the community on the user’s contribution behavior, it makes up for the singularity and limitation of the dimensionality of peer influence in previous studies. Third, we apply S-O-R theoretical model in the field of environmental psychology to the field of online user innovation research, and introduces three types of perceived benefits from the user interaction in online innovation communities: cognitive, affective and integrative benefits, and different from prior studies on the benefits with self-reported survey data , we capture the user’s perceived benefits in objective archival comments made by users, deeply discussion of the mediate effect of perceived benefits between peer influence and users’ contribution behavior.
In a practical sense, in order to encourage users to actively participate in knowledge contribution, community managers should pay attention to the interaction between community members, and actively encourage community members to share their ideas on online community platforms to stimulate other users to produce convergence behavior. In addition, the community should strengthen the “social design” of online community platforms, and strengthen social functions and features, which will help users’ initial adoption, continuous participation and user retention, thereby creating and maintaining a platform that helps users obtain more perceived benefits.
