The emergence of knowledge broker makes it possible to cross the "Caplan Gap" between academia and politics, which hinders the translation of knowledge into policy. Then, what is knowledge broker? How does it facilitate the transformation of knowledge into policy? The paper first explores the origins, connotations and types of knowledge broker, and then explores the knowledge management function, bridging function, two-way capacity building function, coherence seeking function and knowledge navigation function of knowledge broker in the alignment network linking academia and politics from the perspective of "structural hole" theory. However, knowledge broker also faces three highly challenging and controversial issues, namely, vulnerability, double marginality, and moral hazard. Theoretically clarifying the issue of knowledge broker has important implications for bridging the "last mile" from academic research to public policy in China.
From the perspective of technological evolution, the metaverse is the conceptual expression of the technology bodies combination in the development of digital information technology to a certain stage.From the "internal perspective", it is proposed that the essence of metaverse technology is purposeful programming of information digital phenomena and the core mechanism of technology evolution is "combinatorial evolution".Based on this, following the paradigm of complex economics and technology economy, through the research methods of theoretical application, inductive-inference and analytical speculation, the paper demonstrates that the metaverse technology and its industrial development are the internal logical relationship of circular and mutual promotion.The main conclusions are: the metaverse is an integrated expression of the development of the complex digital economy industry; The metaverse technology can promote the subversive change of the industrial structure of the digital economy.Among them, the key technology component module of the the metaverse, the mechanism and path of technological self creation and innovation, the algorithm of technological aggregation and economic formation, and the technology and economy redomained to promote industrial development were clarified.Studying the internal logical relationship between "technology essence and industrial development" has important thinking direction and practical reference significance for many stakeholders such as government industrial planning departments, technology developers, enterprise manufacturers and investors.
Derogation of personal information rights in scientific research information processing activities will help promote the rational use of personal information and consolidate the cornerstone of the rule of law for digital China. Based on the in-depth analysis of the derogation of personal information rights in scientific research information processing activities, the paper clarifies the legitimate basis and basic principles of the derogation of personal information rights, and puts forward reasonable suggestions for the system construction of the derogation of personal information rights. In order to ensure the legitimacy of derogation of personal information rights in scientific research information processing activities, the scope of derogation of personal information rights should be appropriately framed through laws and regulations. The content of derogation of personal information rights should be reasonably constructed through benefit measurement. The procedural design of derogation of personal information rights should be scientifically constructed through benefit communication. It is in the public interest to ensure the derogation of personal information rights through judicial review.
Algorithmic fairness is a topic of common concern in the field of artificial intelligence and information ethics. It comes from algorithm bias in algorithm decision systems. Although technicians have made much progress in avoiding algorithm bias, there is still no consensus on how to achieve algorithm fairness at the technical level. Based on this, this research first analyzes the methods and defects of realizing algorithmic fairness from the technology path. Then, along with the current criticism and revision of realizing algorithm fairness from the single technology path, it proposes a social research framework based on Brey's "Disclosive Computer Ethics", which provides a more reasonable solution to the problem of algorithmic fairness.
With the extensive and deep integration of China's manufacturing industry into the global production network system, the global innovation network system and the international trade cycle system, the total factor productivity (TFP) growth is increasingly closely related to the global value chain (GVC) and the global innovation chain (GIC). At first, this paper analyzes the action logic of global double chain on total factor productivity. And then explores the growth trend of China’s manufacturing total factor productivity and its structural evolution from the dual-chain perspective of global value chain and global innovation chain based on China’s customs micro-data and manufacturing industry-level data. It shows that continuous advancement of cutting-edge technology is the core driving force for the rapid growth of TFP. The causes of changes in the decomposition factors of TFP growth show that, unlike the global value chain that inhibits the improvement of scale efficiency, the global innovation chain has an eye-catching effect on the improvement of technical efficiency and allocation efficiency. The global multi-link chain interaction formed by R&D cooperation, technology introduction and export product innovation can significantly promote the advancement of cutting-edge technology. Furthermore, the dual-chain interaction of GVC and GIC contributes to the improvement of scale efficiency. In addition, technology intensive manufacturing is more dependent on independent research and development innovation. In view of the core driving role of the global innovation chain in the evolution of China’s manufacturing TFP growth structure, the article proposes to uphold systemic innovation thinking, establish such development strategy as a global value chain to actively integrate into the global innovation chain and the global innovation chain endogenously to drive the global value chain, and to promote China's manufacturing industry to achieve high-quality sustainable development.
Against the background of the global COVID-19 epidemic and the great changes against globalization, China's industrial technology chain is facing tremendous risks. It is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the risks of industrial technology chain based on scientific evaluation methods. Combined with the theory of technology gap and resource dependence, a three-dimensional risk measurement model of "technology level gap, technology value and substitutability" is constructed. Three major links and 15 major technologies in the chip field were selected as samples, and 443285 invention patent data were obtained to measure the risks faced by the chip industry technology chain in mainland China, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Europe and other five countries (regions) and the multi-stage evolution characteristics. The research finds that the risk index of the chip industry technology chain in Japan and the United States is the smallest, and that in mainland China is the largest; The risk index of the United States in IC design and Japan in IC manufacturing has been at the lowest level for a long time. South Korea and Europe face certain risks in all aspects. The risks faced by mainland China in all aspects are on the decline, but still relatively large. The research enriches the theoretical connotation and measurement dimension of industrial technology chain risk. The full quantitative measurement method based on the invention patent data provides a new methodology for the risk assessment of industrial technology chain. The research results are of enlightening significance to the study and judgment of the international technology situation, the prediction and investigation of industrial chain risks, and the improvement of the resilience of industrial technology chains.
Under the dual influences of an aging population and low fertility, China will face a long-term declining trend in the labor force . Therefore, the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan of China emphasizes that the population quality dividend should be expanded to improve the level of human capital .One could “plant sycamore trees and attract phoenixes”. However, it is more important to retain “phoenixes” and produce economic benefits. The introduction of talent is only a means but not a terminus. Whether talent can be retained ultimately depends on whether there is an environment suitable for their development and whether a good ecosystem appropriate for the long-term development of talent can be established to effectively form "talent stickiness". Diverse institutional advantages, market size and talent policies affect the flow, competition and development of human capital, ultimately determining the economic benefits of talent. Hence, what type of institution can enable talent to yield a high human capital economic effect?
Optimizing institutional arrangements to improve human capital's economic growth effect is essential for the Chinese local government to attract talented people. Through literature review and analysis, this paper puts forward the institutional framework for influencing the economic growth of human capital, namely the "Accumulation-Allocation-Innovation" (AAI) institutional framework. Utilizing the dynamic pooled fsQCA method and inter-provincial data from 2001 to 2017, the study analyzes the institutional configuration pattern of the human capital's economic growth effect. The study found that (1) either accumulation institutions, allocation institutions, or innovation institutions are not necessary for the high economic growth effect of human capital, which a single condition cannot guarantee. (2) Four institutional configuration patterns promote the economic growth effect of human capital: the institutional configuration of allocation-innovation, the institutional configuration of accumulation-innovation, the institutional configuration of innovation, and the balanced institutional configuration. (3) The improvement of innovation institutions boosts the economic growth effect of human capital despite the absence of allocation and accumulation institutions. (4) Multiple paths are found in the multi-period comparative analysis: the "dominant path" (The institutional path of innovation), the "buffering dominant path" (the institutional path of allocation), and the "turning path" (the institutional path of accumulation and innovation).
Some suggestions are put forward to promote the human capital economic growth effect in China based on the research results. First, an interactive federation among the accumulation institution, allocation institution and innovation institution should be strengthened. Second, even when accumulation institutions and allocation institutions are restricted, improving innovation institutions is also a way to increase the human capital economic contribution rate. Third, measures should be adjusted to local conditions and according to circumstances, and the driving path should be reasonably chosen. Finally, we attach importance to the effect of allocation institutions on human capital economic growth.Different from the static configuration perspective, this paper starts from the complex dynamic perspective, which not only expands the research field of high economic growth effect of human capital, but also provides new thinking for how to improve the institutional environment of high economic effect of human capital.
Based on the theoretical mechanism of "institutional pressure-organizational response", this study takes 30 provincial governments in China as cases and uses the qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the causal mechanism and driving path of regional environmental performance. The findings are as follows: First, no single factor can constitute a necessary or sufficient condition for high-level environmental performance. There are four categories of conditional configurations that constitute the driving paths to achieve high levels of environmental performance. Second, the effective combination of the factors from both institutional pressures and government response can improve environmental performance in the way that "all paths lead to the same goal". Third, substitutions and synergies between formal and informal institutional pressures, and the matching relationship between institutional pressure and local government response illustrate the linkage matching model for achieving high environmental performance. The conclusions of this study are helpful in deepening the rational understanding of the nature of complex interactions between multiple factors behind regional environmental performance and provide useful practical inspiration for local governments' environmental governance.
The present paper constructs an evaluation index system to measure the development level of the digital economy, and then measures the provincial manufacturing carbon emission efficiency based on the MinDS model of global benchmark technology. Then, the present paper empirically tests the impact of the digital economy on China's manufacturing carbon emission efficiency, and conducts a comparative analysis of the action paths. The present paper found that the development level of China's digital economy tends to rise during the survey period. But there is a significant digital divide, which is reflected in the high development level of the eastern region, while the development of the central and western regions is relatively low. The carbon emission efficiency of China's manufacturing shows a upward trend, and presents a spatial pattern of gradual decline from east to west. The digital economy has a significant U-shaped nonlinear impact on the carbon emission efficiency of manufacturing, supporting the hypothesis of EKC. The path test results show that the labor efficiency enhancement effect and the energy factor saving effect are two feasible paths to play the digital carbon reduction effect, and the latter has a relatively greater carbon reduction effect.
In recent years, a large number of digital platform enterprises with ecological strategies have flourished and many valuable research works have emerged. However, different research fields use their own terms, theories and methods, resulting in theoretical differences on many important issues, which will not only cause ambiguity in practice, but also hinder the further development and integration of digital platform ecosystem researches. Therefore, this study attempts to systematize the researches related to digital platform ecosystem by sorting out the core views of different research schools. On this basis, this study further expounds the possible research directions of digital platform ecosystem in the future, contributes knowledge to the development of platform ecosystem in the face of the digital economy.
Some existing studies have confused the concepts of "platform", "platform ecosystem" and "digital platform ecosystem" to a certain extent. This study firstly clarifies the definitions of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem to avoid the ambiguity and confusion of similar concepts. At the same time, this study selects 368 papers that are highly relevant to digital platform ecosystem based on the differences in the concepts and research content of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem, and conducts a statistical analysis of the literature. Secondly, this study compares the research focus of the economic perspective, technical perspective, organizational perspective and strategic perspective by reviewing the literature related to digital platform ecosystem. The economics perspective views platforms primarily as two-sided markets, focuses on the network effects, platform competition and interdependence of different aspects of the market. Technical perspective emphasizes platform as system, focusing on technical architecture design and architecture evaluation of digital platform ecosystem. The organizational perspective explicitly conceptualizes the platform and complementors as a unique form of organization: the meta-organization. The strategic perspective views platforms as a way to find strategic coherence, focuses on the organizational and governance characteristics specific to platform to extend existing strategy theory and examine how complementors use different strategies to influence their value creation activities. Finally, this study proposes directions for more in-depth exploration of future research themes, research content and research design from the perspectives of economics, technology, organization and strategy, integrates the views of various research schools and proposes a theoretical framework, in order to promote the development and integration of future research.
This study attempts to break through the isolation between research schools through a systematic literature review to achieve the sorting and integration of cross-disciplinary research. It contributes to the future study of digital platform ecosystem that closely links platform phenomena with classical theories, realize dynamic, richer research scenarios and diverse research methods. The main contributions of this study are as follows. Firstly, drawing on previous researches, we provide definitions and conceptualizations of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem to avoid confusion between these three concepts. Secondly, this study summarizes the core issues of existing research from economic perspective, technical perspective, organizational perspective and strategic perspective, and helps to generate more dialogue across different research schools. Thirdly, we propose possible future research directions for the digital platform ecosystem and hope to make more rapid progress in future research and practice, thus contributing to the study of the digital platform ecosystem.
In recent years, with the rapid development of new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing, the digital economy has deeply integrated with the real economy. The digital economy has become a new wave, a new driving force and a new engine leading economic development. With the vigorous development of digital economy, China’s income distribution pattern has also seen new changes. In recent years, the labor income share has shown a new trend of turning from declining to rising, and the labor-capital distribution relationship has improved. Therefore, this paper puts forward two important questions: Is there a significant relationship between the new change in China’s labor income share in recent years and the improvement of the degree of digitalization? What channels does digitalization promote the increase of labor income share?
This paper uses the micro level data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen in China, adopts the method of combining text analysis and manual judgment, and constructs indicators to measure the degree of enterprise digitalization from the two dimensions of digital intangible assets and digital keywords. The research finds that the labor income share presents an “inverted U-shaped” downward relationship with the increase of digitization degree. The mechanism test shows that the “inverted U-shaped” effect of digitalization on skill structure is an important path for digitalization to affect labor income share. Further research shows that the digitalization degree of listed companies at the present stage is on the left side of the “inverted U-shaped” curve, and the improvement of digitalization degree will still help to improve labor distribution relations in the future. The “inverted U-shaped” effect of different factor intensities and ownership of listed companies on labor income share is significant.
The innovation of this paper mainly includes the following two aspects: First, this paper finds that booming digitalization is promoting the increase of labor income share, which provides important evidence to explain the new change of the increase of labor income share in recent years. Moreover, it is expected that in the future period of time, the improvement of digitalization degree will continue to drive the rise of labor income share. Second, from the perspective of skill structure, this paper discusses the important mechanism of the influence of digitalization on the “inverted U-shaped” labor income share. Accelerating the upgrading of labor skill structure will help to continuously increase the labor income share, and provide feasible solutions for the continuous improvement of labor distribution relations. This paper recommends that the government should continue to accelerate the construction of digital-related infrastructure and increase the support for enterprises’ digital transformation. Enterprises should regularly organize employees to participate in digital training and promote the upgrading of workers’ skill structure.
The innovation of knowledge product exchange services will help speed up the cultivation of a unified technology and data market. Through multi-case analysis of the services and products of technology and data transaction enterprise, it sums up a knowledge product exchange mode under the open-white-labelled service platform, analyzes the connotation and service architecture of this mode, and illustrates the technical implementation path of this mode in combination with application scenarios and specific industries. There are three main findings in the study. First, the open-white-labelled service platform model focuses on knowledge resource holding enterprises, emphasizing service customization and ecological openness; Second, the mode is established under the unified service architecture of "background - middleground - foreground" of the knowledge product exchange, and has differentiated service characteristics according to different application scenarios such as production, external acquisition, and application development of knowledge products. The mode operation depends on the comprehensive capabilities of the platform service system, such as processing, integration, shared connectivity, and value realization; Third, the function of this model for the industry is to enable the whole chain and drive integration of industrial chain and innovation chain. The conclusions are instructive for changing the current dilemma of technology and data transaction platforms, and also for policy design to realize the market-oriented allocation of factors.
Why can outstanding entrepreneurs demonstrate excellent business management and leadership? This paper proposes the concept of entrepreneurial vitality as an analytical framework. We conduct in-depth interview with 30 entrepreneurs who appear in the featured report of China Entrepreneur magazine from 2017 to 2020. This study finds that the vitality quality of Chinese entrepreneurs includes four dimensions, namely energy, vigilance, tenacity, and peace. Among them, energy and vigilance belong to the vitality characteristics proposed by the Western scholars, while tenacity and peace are the unique vitality characteristics in the context of Chinese traditional culture. In this sense, the vitality of Chinese entrepreneurs is also inward-looking, including the elements of indulgence, restraint, and inner peace.
The emergence of virtual space poses new challenges to the practice of innovation management and the construction of innovation theory. It is necessary to reshape the deduction logic and the accompanying new organizational paradigm of space-based innovation. We first define the definition and connotation of virtual space, and make clear the evolution of spatial structure and characteristics. Further, we systematically summarize 248 articles published in top domestic and foreign journals from 1999 to 2019 and propose the framework of innovation based on virtual space. From the perspective of spatial evolution, along the development of "Traditional Business era - VUCA era - BANI era", taking "Physical distance - Relational distance - Spatio-temporal distance" as the main line, and "innovation feature - innovation process - organizational structure" as the branch line, this paper constructs the "Environment - Space - Innovation" theoretical framework based on virtual space innovation from the perspective of evolution, so as to explain the innovation logic deduction and the appropriate organizational paradigm change under the evolution of virtual space. Finally, we comprehensively discuss the challenges of virtual space to the existing innovation management theory, summarize the main research conclusions, and propose possible research directions, in order to provide reference and enlightenment for the theory and practice of innovation management based on virtual space.
Building the demand oriented regional innovation system and improving regional innovation capability are the important basis for high-quality development of regional economy. Based on the strategy of "Four-Orientation" of scientific and technological innovation, this paper constructs the China's regional innovation system from the ability to explore the frontiers of world's science and technology, the ability to promote national economic development, the ability to serve national major needs and the ability to protect people's life and health. It is found that, on the whole, China's regional innovation capability presents an olive shaped distribution of "1+4" at five levels. The three major international scientific and technological innovation centers in Beijing, Shanghai and the Great Bay Area of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao have become the growth poles leading the development of regional innovation in China. Regional innovation effectiveness gap is still very obvious, higher in the Eastern and Southern regions than Western and Northern regions. Scientific research activities and innovation elements are highly concentrated in a few central cities, which will lead to the widening and polarization of regional innovation effectiveness gap. Meanwhile, the ability to protect people's life and health is relatively balanced.
Abstract: little attention has been paid on the effect of the cooperative breadth and cooperative depth of enterprise’s openness from the perspective of the cohesive characteristics of internal knowledge base and enterprise’s life cycle．To make up for such a gap，this paper attempts to reveal the differences in the effects of the breadth and depth of cooperation and the cohesion of internal knowledge networks on exploratory innovation performance at different stages of the enterprise life cycle. Based on the knowledge-based theory and the perspective of enterprise life cycle, this paper uses the panel data of 176 listed electronic information enterprises in China from 2000 to 2019 to examine the impact of enterprise innovation openness and knowledge network cohesion on exploratory innovation performance at different stages of the life cycle.
The Negative Binomial Regression results show that the influence of cooperation breadth and knowledge network cohesion on exploratory innovation performance is discrepant at different stages of development. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the breadth of cooperation and exploratory innovation performance of enterprises at the growing stage. The breadth of cooperation has a positive impact on exploratory innovation performance at the mature stage, while the breadth of cooperation has a negative impact at the recession stage. At the growing stage, the cohesion of enterprise’s knowledge network moderates the process in such a way that when it is at a high level, an enterprise’s exploratory innovation can benefit more from a moderate level of the breadth of cooperation. And the cohesion of enterprise’s knowledge network strengthens the positive influence of the cooperation breadth at the growth stage on the exploratory innovation performance, and weakens the negative influence at the recession stage. Nevertheless, for enterprises at every stage, the depth of cooperation has a positive impact on exploratory innovation performance, and the cohesion of knowledge network positively regulates the positive effect of cooperation depth.
This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between innovation openness and exploratory innovation by investigating the enterprises at different life stages. From the perspective of knowledge base structure and life cycle of enterprise, it provides a theoretical framework between enterprise innovation openness, knowledge network cohesion and exploratory innovation at different life stages, integrating external cooperative openness and internal knowledge development. Thus it will also help to enrich the theory of exploratory innovation.
This study makes several practical contributions. On the one hand, in exploratory innovation activities, electronic information enterprises face different innovation environments and innovation problems, and their own knowledge base is also different at different stages of the life cycle. So they need to dynamically adjust their strategy of cooperation breadth and cooperation depth by integrating internal and external factors of the enterprise to build a differentiated innovation network. Growing enterprises should choose an appropriate breadth of cooperation, avoiding blind and over-extensive cooperation with external organizations, and strive to coordinate and integrate knowledge resources within an "effective" time and space. Mature enterprises should actively promote extensive cooperation and allocate external partners with knowledge diversification. They especially need to cooperate with the partners with cross-technological fields or heterogeneous tacit knowledge. Declining enterprises should not carry out extensive cooperation, but should refine the scope of partners, and accurately search and allocate knowledge resources within a "limited" range of time and space, especially paying more attention to the deep cooperation with strong related partners.
On the other hand, no matter which growth stage the enterprises are in, they should continuously improve the cohesion structure of the internal knowledge base, increasing the effective connection between knowledge elements for higher ability to absorb external heterogeneous knowledge and tacit knowledge and integrate internal and external knowledge. It will help to let a reasonable opening strategy play a more positive role in exploratory activities.
Keywords: innovation openness; enterprise life cycle; knowledge network cohesion; exploratory innovation
Under the guidance of the strategic objective of "carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality", green innovation has become the key for heavy polluting enterprises to achieve high-quality development. As a mean of market-driven environmental regulation, environmental subsidies provide economic basis and material guarantee for corporate green innovation. However, in reality, local governments have discretion in choosing the objects of subsidies, which is related to both the supporting effect of environmental subsidies and the resource allocation of the national green development strategy. In addition, enterprises can freely choose whether to use environmental subsidies for direct environmental pollution control or green technology research and development innovation. Among them, there are problems to be further explored: in which kind of firms are the supporting effect of environmental subsidies on corporate green innovation better?
Based on Porter's hypothesis, stakeholder theory and institutional theory, the panel threshold regression model was adopted to examine and validate the differential impact of environmental protection subsidies on corporate green innovation as well as the internal mechanism among 337 listed companies operating in heavily polluting industries over the period spanning from 2010 to 2019. The results show that: (1) The incentive effect of environmental protection subsidies on corporate green innovation is mainly effective for firms that cross the threshold of corporate social responsibility. Firms with high CSR level have green development consciousness and need to upgrade their products and technologies through green innovation; On the other hand, firms with high CSR level have abundant external resources, such as green resource integration and talent introduction, while environmental subsidies ease the financial pressure and resource constraints within firms, providing favorable conditions for firms to make better use of environmental subsidies for green innovation. (2) When the firms cross the threshold of CSR, the incentive effect of environmental protection subsidy on corporate green innovation is better in state-owned enterprises. The status of state-owned firms can escort the incentive mechanism of environmental subsidies for green innovation, which can better play the role of environmental subsidies in promoting corporate green innovation.
This paper contributes to the literature from the four perspectives. Firstly, this paper extends the theoretical extension of Porter's hypothesis. The traditional Porter hypothesis focuses on the influence of environmental regulation policy mix and optimal interval on enterprises' green innovation. On this basis, this paper expands the hypothesis to the perspective of stakeholder status and institutional foundation to explore the micro-mechanism of environmental subsidies affecting enterprises' green innovation mechanism. Secondly, according to the stakeholder theory, it is proposed that there is a threshold of CSR in the process of promoting enterprise green innovation with environmental protection subsidies. The level of CSR means the resource guarantee, attention pressure and innovation coordination from stakeholders, which expands the theoretical connotation of stakeholder theory in the field of green innovation. Thirdly, based on the institutional theory, this paper proposes that the state-owned firm identity will promote the mechanism of green innovation driven by environmental protection subsidies after CSR crosses the minimum threshold, enriching the research perspective of institutional theory and extending it to the research on the related mechanism of the anthems of green innovation. Finally, based on threshold effect, this paper constructs the micro-mechanism of environmental protection subsidies driving corporate green innovation with threshold of CSR. Previous studies focus on the optimal interval of environmental regulation intensity based on Porter's hypothesis. This paper endeavors to investigate the threshold mechanism and expand the research on the micro-mechanism of the antecedent variables that lead to corporate green innovation.
