Advanced technology talents are the key to achieve the goal of revitalizing the nation through science and education and talents. Based on the definition of academic chain connotation, using the comparative research method and interview method, we analyze senior talents cluster growth phenomena of the Quaternary loess research groups, glaciology research groups and “two bombs and one satellite” research groups, then analyze their internal academic inheritance and development. Senior talents in the development of clusters of academic chain phenomenon include three basic forms, namely horizontal type, vertical type and comprehensive type. Complementary and sharing mechanism of knowledge, disciplinary integration and combination mechanism, the drive mechanism of the country and the needs of society, team collaboration and stimulation and innovation mechanism, personal interests’ leading and the teacher pointing mechanism are the internal mechanism of the formation of the above three types of academic chain.
This article analyzes the Academic Age (AA) characteristics of scientists from the two dimensional of Academic Productivity (AP) and Academic Influence (AI), taking the highly-cited physics scientists from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) as an example. Basically, following found from the research: (1) AI is higher than AP when AA is between 1and 25; (2) both AI and AP has a long recession, however, the AI is more active; (3) the AA of AI wave is uncertainty, and AP can only one; (4) the best AA interval of AI and AP are approximate accord with “gold segmentation rate”; (5) the fitting relationship between AI, AP and AA will be three times polynomial distributed. Besides, having a discussion about the shortcomings, and giving the future research directions at the end of the paper.
In order to understand the status of potential cooperation of the Science of Science in China, this paper collects 37274 academic papers about the Science of Science from 2001 to 2011 in China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database（CAJD）and analyzes its potential partners and cooperating agencies based on social network analysis. The analysis results show that: At present, the Science of Science study is limited to a range of small groups; leaders of potential cooperative team are high-yielding authors, and the majority of them are master's, doctoral tutors; cooperative teams of key research areas have basically been formed; distinctive research fields of major research institutions are obvious.
The concept of “industry patent intensity” is used to analysis the 230 industries in China, 63 of them are patent-intensive industries. We regard nine elements of human resource, funds usage and R&D activities as the original factors. After the analysis of principal component, we get the conclusion that three of the most important factor to patent-intensive industries are the new product development, the participation proportion of project and the external expenditure in technological activities.
Based on the S-curve model, we study the development path and life-cycle characters of major technology fields of the U.S. using the patent data from 1963 to 2008. The results indicate the development path of major technology fields well fit the S-curve, and at the second phase of the S-curve, these technology fields have more patents and last longer. The majority of U.S. technology fields are in their mature period. Only the communications equipment field is in the growth period. Moreover, the electronic information and its related industries still have much development potential and they may become the leading technology fields for the further development of the U.S. national innovation capability. The pharmaceutical and medicines field is still waiting for another technological revolution and a new development life-cycle.
As the development of the science and technologies, the UK’s planning administration system has been converting from distributed type to centralized type in recent years. Based on three levels of science and technology strategy planning, national science & technology plan and scientific research institution plan, this article made a synthesis of construction and effective procedure, method of organization & implementation, abstracted its features, and summarized enlightenment for the planning administration in China on respects of planning guiding theory, participating cooperation machinery, planning implementation closed loop, science & technology investment etc.
Abstract：In the 21st century, more and more countries have realized that the competition between countries lies in comprehensive national strengths, which is fundamentally the competition for talents and is essentially the competition of talents strategy. With rapid progresses of science and technology, economic globalization，global information, and the internalization of talents flow, overseas talents have become one of important talents resources for one country to participate in an international arena, to enhance the comprehensive national strength and core competitiveness. Those major developed countries like the United States, Japan, Germany, and France have taken effective measures in attracting excellent overseas talents to serve their national strategies by enacting, making policies and talents strategy. China has seen a serious brain drain to overseas, which is to a larger degree resulted from the undeveloped establishment of the hard and soft environments in china. To win in the fight for attracting overseas talents, China must make efforts and take practical actions in such aspects of attracting overseas talents as laws construction, institute perfection, environmental improvement, system innovation, mechanism reform, etc.
Abstract: Strategy entrepreneurship theory emphasizes on independent innovation and new product development, based on the strategic management of resource, but it lacks some explanation for the implementation procedure and the inside driving force of the strategic entrepreneurial behavior. Besides, its objects are those enterprises with advanced technology in developed country, thus it has little guidance for these OEM companies in developing countries to get rid of path dependence and realize the technology and brand upgrading. To solve this problem, this study made an exploratory research on the transition and upgrading path of BYD, about how it developed into OBM from OEM. The result shows that, through establishing net relationship, imitation learning, innovation investment, and international behavior, OEM can realize strategic entrepreneurship, and promote its transition and upgrading.Meanwhile, this study also reveals that, the entrepreneurs’ innovative conception and opportunity perception ability are the driving force of strategic entrepreneurship. Moreover, the innovation oriented culture of down-to-earth and people oriented, can promote the transition and upgrading process of OEM.
According to the corresponding secondary data of Year 2000-2009 in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) Region’s information service (IS) industrial cluster, the study constructed both enterprise and institution networks based on affiliation network and constructed the relationship between the two networks based on knowledge diffusions between “enterprises-institutions”. The paper studied the knowledge diffusions between enterprises and institutions in Information Service industry cluster in YRD. Several conclusions were drawn. The IS industrial cluster in YRD formed the development structural feature with Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing as leaders, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Ningbo as followers. Knowledge diffusions between institutions and enterprises occurred across regions in growing stage. Knowledge spread from central cities to nearby cities.
In the era of knowledge economy, it is undoubted that knowledge management is an effective tool for enterprises to create and enhance ability of technology innovation, and to improve the technological innovation performance. As a dynamic process, successful knowledge management depends on enterprise knowledge management internal driving forces. Based on study on the knowledge management the internal driving force and knowledge management dynamic ability, This article constructs a interaction model between knowledge management internal driving forces and knowledge management dynamic ability, and conducts empirical testing, the study conclusion will provide a valuable theory suggestion and practice guidance for Chinese enterprises to carry out knowledge management.
It has been an instrumental way to utilize external knowledge to speed innovations. What on earth the relationship between internal R&D and external knowledge sourcing? Will too much reliance on external knowledge decrease the strategic importance of internal R&D? Based on survey data from 209 innovating firms in China, this paper investigates the interaction between internal R&D and external knowledge sourcing. The research manifests that external knowledge sourcing has a strong impact on innovative performance, but not all types of external partners have a similar impact on innovation performance. Furthermore, we find evidence for complementarity between internal R&D and collaboration with value chain partners (users and suppliers) and horizontal connections (competitors, and firms in other industries). However, we do not find support for complementarity between internal R&D and cooperation with universities and other technology-related organizations. Empirical evidence shows that the complementarity or substitutability is indeterminate and rely on firm’s absorptive capacity.
Original innovation always requires considerable resources that exceed the firm’s boundary. The transitional economy and Chinese democratization development make firms gradually possess capabilities influencing the shape of government decision and public policy. Drawing on institution based view and resource dependence theory, this study develops and empirically tests a set of hypotheses, aiming at explaining how corporate political activities affect original innovation outcome, and the role of organizational slack in influencing the relationship between corporate political action and original innovation. Data collected form 404 Chinese manufactory firms serve to test the hypotheses. Results highlight that corporate political action increases firm’s political legitimacy, and then original innovation outcome. In addition, organizational slack positively moderates relationship between political legitimacy and original innovation. That is, the positive effect of political legitimacy on original innovation is higher on the higher level of organizational slack. This paper contributes to a better understanding of encouraging mechanism of firm’s original innovation, and provides some suggestions to firms’ practices.
Abstract：Based on the framework of theory of planned behavior, through the theoretical deduction and the empirical studies of 545 questionnaires, this paper reveals the generating mechanism of scientific and technological personnel innovative behavior in China situation. First, the study gives the definition of scientific and technological personnel innovation behavior attitude, subjective norm, perception behavior control, and then subdivide them as endogenous and exogenous attitude, mandatory norm and demonstration norm, self-efficacy and control ability respectively, testing the affections they have on the behavior of innovation through the mediating role of innovation intend；Second, explores the direct influence of the key variable to innovation behavior；Finally, tests the regulatory role of the organizational support in the conversion process of innovation intend to innovation behavior. The empirical results show that the endogenous attitude of behavior attitude have a positive effect on the innovation behavior through the complete mediating role of innovation intend, the demonstration standard of subjective standard and the two dimensions of perception behavior control (self-efficacy and control ability) have a positive effect on innovation behavior through part mediating role of the innovation intend；the exogenous attitude of behavior attitude and the mandatory norm of subjective norm have no effect on innovation intend, but can directly affect innovation behavior positively；Organization support has a positive regulatory role in the relationship of innovation intend to innovation behavior, this function mainly reflects in the superior tool support.
According to the results of the literature analysis，this paper classified network competence into network visioning competence, network construction competence and network management competence. By taking exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation as mediate variables, this paper proposed a theoretical model about the affect of network competence on innovative enterprises. To verify these hypothesis we obtain data of 257 samples through the questionnaire, found that all dimensions of network competence have significant impact on innovative enterprise, and clear innovation strategy help the formation of innovative enterprise. Different structure of network competence should lead to different innovation strategy. So firms must evaluate their network competence and make their innovation strategy match the network competence to construct innovation enterprise.
The innovation diffusions are macro dynamics emerging from the micro adoption decisions of potential adopters. By using complex social networks as innovation diffusion modeling carriers, this paper established the innovation adoption decision and diffusion mechanisms of potential adopters under the influences of social learning and normative pressure, and then the agent-based simulation method was used to study how the micro factors influence the macro innovation diffusions. The results show that the ultimate adoption percentage is highest and the diffusion speed is fastest under the scale-free social network. The evaluation strategies of potential adopters of innovation related information will significantly influence the adoption percentage. The increase of the adoption percentage at the initial time can accelerate innovation diffusion speed, but it can not continuously raise the ultimate adoption percentage. Both the too innovative and too conservative behaviors of the opinion leaders go against the increase of ultimate adoption percentages. The influences of different kind of initial adopters on the ultimate adoption percentage and the influences of opinion leaders’ innovativeness on the innovation diffusion speed depend on social networks’ topology structures. The results can be used as guidance for formulating innovation promotion strategies.
