Abstract: Knowledge transfer is one of the effective approaches to acquire competitive resources for industries in the era of knowledge-based economy. In which process, tacit knowledge transfer is an important but difficult issue. Constrained by the poorly developed theories and limited methodology, the area of tacit knowledge transfer studies lack a relatively independent and integrated theory. On the basis of fieldwork, sociologists of science, such as Collins, studied the contents of tacit knowledge, its social roots and conditions, and then proposed a systematic theory of tacit knowledge transfer. This will significantly contribute to the current studies of tacit knowledge transfer.
Highlighting the organizational differences between Little Science and Big Science is to reveal that the construction of Big Science project cannot follow the path of Little Science, because the “Big” or “Small”of Science is not merely a matter of numbers or quantity, but the very differences of Organizational Forms. In an extended model of Transaction Cost Theory, the causes of the different organizational forms between Little Science and Big Science are explained by the Asset Specificity. It is argued that, the Organizational Form of Little Science is mainly defined by the Market Governance Structure and the Organizational Boundary estabished by the mechanism of Spontaneous Responsibility, Decentralized Power and Strong Incentive, within which takes on Simple Dispersed Configuration; While Organizational Form of Big Science is mainly defined by the Bureaucracy Governance Structure and the Organizational Boundary estabished by the mechanism of Allocational Responsibility, Centralized Power and Week Incentive, within which takes on Complex Networked Configuration. Thus, the plan to optimize the University’s Little Science Mode by conducting the Big Science Project is infeasible, new management system and operation mechanism are needed.
Previous literature on co-authorship network mainly characterized the research network structure in some scientific fields by means of social network analysis, but rarely investigated the factors which influenced the positions of stars in co-authorship network. Based on the co-authorship network in the field of innovation network from 1990 to 2012, we investigated the effects of academic paper quality on the network positions of stars in co-authorship network. Research findings indicate that the network positions of stars are influenced not only by the quantity of academic papers, but also by the quality of academic papers. Specifically, the net citation frequency can be used to predict the size of an author’s ego-network; collaborating with geographically distant authors negatively affects the efficiency with which they can reach others in the co-authorship network; the star authors with highly specialized knowledge are more likely to take the role of mediator, i.e., specialist would be the ideal knowledge broker in a co-authorship network.
Based on the Mid-level perspective of scientific misconduct, take the scandal of retraction of articles in J University as example, and use the method of SNA to analyze the collaboration networks to measure the social network of scientific misconduct. Meanwhile, combining with the case, qualitative study the factors, as acquaintance relations, social norms in organizations, so that, effectively analyze the formation and evolution of the social network of scientific misconduct.
Abstract：Using regional level panel data, this paper empirically studies the effect of basic research on technological progress. The results prove that basic research has a positive effect on technological progress on the whole, but it can’t provide sufficient bases for technology innovation and technology import to promote the technological progress. Further, with the threshold regression model we find the optimal range of the intensity of basic research investment is 0.058 to 0.084. What’s more, basic research have an reverted N-shaped relationship with technological progress by influencing technology innovation and have an U-shaped relationship with technological progress by influencing technology import. At present, the intensity of basic research investment is less than the optimal level and basic research increasing will help technology innovation and technology import to promote technological progress positively.
Unlike the existing literature, we estimate the financial development and technological progress on Chian’s underground economy from the perspective of market factors. Based on our theoretical framework, we employs two-step gmm to estimate China's underground economy. The major findings are: financial development and technological progress have a strong negative effect on China's underground economy; market-oriented and enterprise privatization process can amplify this effect. To effectively reduce the size of China's underground economy, the current credit market structure must be changed to eliminate the non-state-owned enterprises' credit discrimination . Meanwhile, state-owned enterprises should gradually withdraw from some competitive fields.
Technological advances are often considered the relevant environmental issues are universal policy tool. Based on this, study offers an example of carbon emissions, using the SDE (stochastic differential equation) model approach and empirical data analysis application of Chinese technological advances in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions dynamic performance mechanisms. The study found that the performance gradually decreasing trend of technological progress in the reduction of the presence of carbon dioxide emissions. It is necessary to improve the incentive system proposed priorities.
Based on the product quality improvement theory, this article constructed an economic growth model which taken the energy efficiency improvements and carbon dioxide emission reduction into account, then used the panel data of 35 sub-industrial sectors in China from 1999-2011, this paper discussed the double-edged effect of technological progress which through the energy efficiency improvements and economic growth to lower the carbon dioxide emissions in industry. Results indicate that the technological progress through the energy efficiency improvements is still unable to eliminate the industrial carbon dioxide emissions brought by the economic growth; however, it can lower the carbon dioxide emissions intensity of light industry and heavy industry. Compared with light industry, the energy efficiency improvements of heavy industry have stronger impact on carbon dioxide emissions than economic growth. By boosting the heavy industry's green technology innovation to improve the energy efficiency should be the entry point and the focus of energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction in the future.
How to measure the comprehensive effects of R&D expenditure has become an important problem in recent years. Concentrating on input-output method and multiplier analysis, we have measured the comprehensive effects of R&D expenditure from four perspectives: associated output value, reward multiplier value, national income multiplier value and the number of new job. With the R&D expenditure used as an example, we have achieved a series of results. First, comprehensive effects are larger for some industries, such as the Manufacture of Communication Equipment, Computer and Other Electronic Equipment, Chemical Industry, Industry of Metals Smelting and Pressing, Manufacture of Transportation Equipment, Manufacture of General and Special Equipment. Second, comprehensive effects of R&D expenditure is lower for some industries, such as Public Management and Social Organization, Post Industry, Construction Industry, Industry of Education, Water Conservancy, Environment and Public Facilities Management. Finally, we should attach greater importance to the comprehensive effects of R&D expenditure. In order to improve the effects, governments should optimize the orientation of R&D expenditure and adjust the structure of R&D expenditure. The research method can provide reference for the similar study and the conclusions can provide empirical reference for R&D investment decision.
R&D investment is the key to change economic development pattern and enhance the industrial competitiveness. While Chinese enterprise faced with both low intensity and skew distribution of firm R&D investment. Unlike existing research, this paper is going to analysis the industry characteristics of R&D investment, and present a decision model of enterprise R&D investment by two fields which are enterprise and industry. We use a micro-data of Chinese manufacturing industries from 2005 to 2007 as samples to test the factors of firm R&D intensity. Moreover, we discusses the differences of enterprise R&D investment by Shapley value decomposition method, and gets the following conclusions. At micro-level, the intensity of R&D has significant negative correlations with production scale, firm age and asset-liability ratio, and enterprise property also effects the R&D decisions hardly. In addition, industry level factors such as average R&D intensity, market concentration and the environment of external financing has significant positive effects to firm R&D investment. However, there are obvious inhibitive effects from the ratio of new products’ sales revenue and R&D concentration. According to the analysis of Shapley value, industry factors contributes the 86.5% to the differences of firm R&D investment, and enterprise factors only contributes the 13.5%. In conclusion, the differences of investment in research and development are because of the different industries characteristics, not the enterprise behavior.
By using censored quantile regression, this paper selects panel data on large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in Shanghai to study the factors affecting R&D expenditure intensity including enterprise scale. This paper explores the heterogeneities by examining the effects, features and correlations of R&D expenditure intensity and other factors. This paper discovers that R&D personnel intensity has significant positive effects on R&D expenditure intensity ,and the negative influence of per capita wage is found in medium and high quantiles.Meanwhile,enterprise scale type has no striking effects on R&D expenditure intensity, but employees and sales incomes have nearly consistent effects.
Using a large micro-enterprise sample, from the perspective of official encourage, this paper studies the impact of official tenure and corruption on firm R&D investment under the current institutional arrangement of the cadre exchange, and it provides the microscopic evidence from transition countries about the relationship between governance of local officials and governance of corruption and sustainable economic development. The results show that, generally speaking, there is a reverse U-shaped relationship between local official tenure and firm R&D investment, and there is also a reverse U-shaped relationship between corruption and firm R&D investment, in other words, tenure extension of local officials and moderate corruption rate are conducive to reinforce firms’ R&D investment incentive, but overlong tenure of local official and excessive amount of corruption is bad for firm R&D investment, particularly, official tenure has a negative moderate effect on the relationship between corruption and firm R&D investment. Further investigation and we find that the effect of local officials’ tenure and corruption on firms’ R&D investment changes with the speed of marketization, industrial nature and ownership structure. The conclusion has important policy implication for promoting the governance of local officials and governance of corruption and accelerating China’s economic transformation.
In order to explore the determinants of new ventures’ successful graduation located on incubator, which have experienced the incubator services, the paper analyzes the determinants of tenants successful graduation the from the perspective of incubation interaction dyad based on co-production theory, and it draws upon longitudinal and fine-grained firm-level data of 132 client ventures incubated on state-level incubators approved by the State Council , China to test the determinants empirically by using survival analysis. The results of this study suggest that entrepreneur-specific human capital(ESHC) is the determinant of tenants’ successful graduation, while under the condition of incubation interaction , the interactive effects of incubator services and certain dimensions of ESHC are determinants of tenants’ successful graduation: the interactive effect of access to financial resources and entrepreneurial experience as well as access to financial resource and entrepreneurial competence, the interactive effect of entrepreneurial start-up support and entrepreneurial experience, and the interactive effect of access to networks and entrepreneurial competence are the determinants of tenants’ successful graduation. It could be concluded that we should take into account the comprehensive effects of entrepreneur’s human capital and incubator services in order to explore the determinants of tenants’ successful graduation.
There is complex intrinsic relationship between network boundary spanning and innovation capabilities. Based on the knowledge based view and oragniation economics theory, the paper empirically tests the relationship between knowledge network geographic boundary spanning and innovation capabilities of clustered firm by utilizing the data collected from the clusters of Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, the empirical results show that, (1)There is not a simple linear relationship between network geographic boundary spanning and innovation capabilities, but a inverted U-shaped relationship. (2) The inverted U-shaped relationship between boundary spanning and innovation capabilities is increasingly manifested as integration capability increases.
Based on theory of planned behavior and outstanding characteristics of organizational citizenship behavior, construct theoretical analysis framework of the forming mechanism of co-innovation behavior of small-medium-sized enterprises. Adopt SEM and hierarchical regression to analyze the forming mechanism of co-innovation behavior of small-medium-sized enterprises, the results show that co-innovation behavior attitude，subjective norm，perception behavior control have positive effects on behavior of co-innovation through the mediating role of co-innovation intention, the descriptive subjective norm and injunctive subjective norm of co-innovation have significantly direct promoting effects on co-innovation behavior attitude, organizational citizenship behavior positively regulates relationships between co-innovation intention and co- innovation behavior.
Industrial Design (ID) and Industrial Engineering (IE) are two technology tools of industry value chain and realizing the integration of the two is conducive to the promotion of technological innovation. This paper introduces the back ground of IDE method from the traditional concept of ID and IE. Combined with the engineering practice and theoretical research for many years redefines the classification of ID theory and IE method, describes the basic principle of the integration of ID and IE. Finally put forward IDE technology innovation mode based on blending ID and IE and providing methods and ideas for new technology innovation.
Based on 225 surveys of manufacturing enterprises in Zhejiang province, this paper used multiple regression analysis to explore the effect of environmental policy, enterprise background characteristics and their interaction term on the level of firm’s environmental innovation, the impact of environmental innovation on firm’s economic performance, as well as examined the mediator role of environmental innovation. The results showed that: firm’s environmental product innovation and process innovation were generally higher than 3 , but lower than 4; environmental policy stringency and flexibility had significant positive effect on firm’s environmental product innovation and process innovation; the interactive term of private ownership and policy stringency, advanced technology industry and policy stringency, environment policy flexibility and firm age all had positive impact on product innovation; environmental product innovation played a completely mediating role between environment policy flexibility and the economic performance of enterprises.
