The high-growth and sustainable development of modern economy has become more and more depend on innovation-driven, so that economic development policy emphasize more on pushing the economic development transition to innovation-driven model. It is necessary to establish a new science of “Inno-Development” Policy to systematically study how innovation drives economic development and how policy promotes innovation economy under the new situation. Innovation changes economic system, including the composition of resources and production factors, the behavior of production, the rule of market, and the relation of distribution, so as to promote the whole system’s development. Economic system is also permeated by innovation factors and interweaved with knowledge creation and innovation value realization. This paper takes innovation as the core of economic system to analyze the inherent laws of innovation economic system and its policy mechanism. It puts forward the key concepts and range and the theoretical framework of the science of Inno-Development Policy, creates a starting point for the science of Inno-Development Policy.
After 30 years’ development, science communication has grown to a productive field for both academics and practitioners. General communication scholars, who have long been neglecting science communication, now try to advance the field’s research agenda by introducing psychological research on human cognitive system to study people’s interaction with science information. The communication scholars have investigated the cognitive gateway for people to learn science, the impact of politicization of science, the influence of trust and value in people’s knowledge taking behaviors and their attitude to science, and the ways to develop science communication strategies based on empirical research. Compared with the so-called science of science communication, traditional science communication research has been dominated by the paradigms of sociology of science and has paid more attention to power structure in the process of science communication. The two traditions are not mutually resistant. A systematic integration of the two traditions can effectively promote the development of science communication both theoretically and practically. This is crucial to the fast development of science communication in China.
Scientific information on the platform of microblog communicates through social relations. Based on the relations among microblog users, such as following, forwarding, commenting and so on, communication network forms, whose structure determines the sources, direction, strength and coverage of information. Quantitative investigation on the structure of this network with the methodology of social network analysis (SNA) provides a new structuralism approach for mechanism studies of science communication with microblog. Structure analysis of communication network could be conducted at four levels, including the structure of whole network, individual position, and sub-network as well as the interaction between sub-networks. The case study of the issues of Genetically Modified food indicates that, 1) public scientific issues communicate through multi-interactional channels in microblog space; 2) the relationship among relevant communicators presents some characteristics of elite-democracy, and 3) actors involved would probably polarize into different groups.
As an important national resource, the growth and development law of Engineering and technical talent needs to be clearly recognized. Inspired by the older generation of science workers like Zhao Hongzhou and Jiang Zhenhuan, it carries out quantitative analysis on issues such as "best age district" and "peak age" that facing to technological inventions, and summarizes the characteristics of age distribution of major technological invention output. It shows that the age curve of major technological invention output is in?accord with?Weibull?distribution, but the specific parameter values and the shape have their own peculiarities. The result has both enlightenment significance and reference value on the management and development on engineering and technical talents.
The idea of evidence-based policy (EBP) was first proposed in UK because of the low quality of policy and the loss of government’s credibility. Subsequently, the concept of EBP aroused the interests of some governments and academic communities, and made a larger development. Through a detailed analysis of the literature about EBP, this article devides the development vein into 5 phases: concept analysis, methodology research, quality control of evidence, evidence into policy, and the experience of practice and some reviews. On that bases, the article also proposes some suggestions for Chinese government and academic community after briefly introducing the transferability of EBP.
This paper considers two factors which may weaken firms’ innovation enthusiasm, including horizontal technological spillovers between competitive firms and "double marginal effect” of innovation between supply chain partners. By constructing and solving several multi-stage games, we analyze and compare two R&D subsidy policies, that’s, supplier subsidization and government subsidization, under two R&D modes of manufacturers (i.e., non-cooperative or cooperative R&D). Two significant advantages of government subsidies are found. First, since the government always offers a greater R&D subsidy compared with the supplier, it can promote innovation and improve social welfare more effectively. Second, subsiding non-cooperative and cooperative R&D by the government leads to the same market outcome, while the effect of supplier subsidization depends on manufacturers’ R&D modes. In addition, different participants in the supply chain have inconsistent preferences for different R&D subsidy policies.
This paper selects the panel data of China’s provincial high-tech industries during 1997-2009, and makes an empirical study on the influences of the institutional environment for knowledge productivity. It finds that the institutional environment is an important factor affecting the knowledge productivity, and this effect has been showing significant regional differences. The contribution of the institutional environment is obviously different between eastern region, central region and western region, namely 19.5%, 11.8% and 23.4%. Five aspects index of the institutional environment are also showing significant regional differences, the non-state economic development has a significant positive effect only in the western region, the market development produces a catalytic role only in the eastern region, and the factor market development is ineffective in the western region. Although the relation of government and market and the legal environment of all regions have positive effects on the knowledge productivity, but the degree is obvious difference.
Based on the angle of value chain, the technology innovation is divided into two stages of R&D and S&T achievement conversion. And then, we put technology innovation’s environmental impacts into the measurement framework of S&T inversion, and make it as undesirable outputs in the second phase. By the method of nonparametric meta-frontier and DEA model , the analysis and comparison have been made on the regional disparities of China’s provincial industrial enterprise’s technology innovation efficiency during the period of 2003-2010.Additionally, a quantitative Technology Gap Ratios(TGR) has been made on the technology gap between the areas in utilizing innovation resources. Subsequently, In order to find out the root cause of inefficiency innovation, we decompose the inefficiency by the two dimensions of “innovative production technology” and “management”. The research show that: Industrial enterprise’s R&D and S&T inversion efficiency in China are low during the examining period. the efficiency averages are only 0.683 and 0.691 under the meta-frontier; During the period, R&D and S&T inversion efficiency’s regional disparities are significant. The TGR of middle and western efficiencies are low, especially in stage of S&T inversion; R&D and conversion inefficiency in the eastern state almost stems from the low level of management, while the central and western provinces main be subjected by the two aspects of area inefficient technology and business management, For a few central and western provinces (e.g., Neimenggu), the backward level of region technical is the main reason.
R&D spillover effect and the spatial heterogeneity make the R&D of agglomeration and efficiency relationship more complicated. In this paper, based on the spatial heterogeneity of angle, applies the spatial panel model and the threshold panel model and inspects nonlinear space contact on R&D agglomeration and efficiency. The empirical results show that R&D agglomeration and efficiency present non balanced distribution in space, the enhancing effect of agglomeration and R&D efficiency depends on the intensity of investment and R&D agglomeration level, R&D investment intensity. R&D agglomeration of R&D efficiency promotion effect is more obvious, and R&D agglomeration and R&D efficiency between the inverted "U" relation. R&D agglomeration reaches a specific value. R&D agglomeration will restrain the development efficiency. The obvious policy implies that the government should continue to increase investment in R&D strength, and not blindly raise R&D agglomeration, should implement differentiation strategy of improving R&D efficiency according to the actual situation in the region.
Based on 3640 observations from Chinese listed companies over 2007-2012 timeframe, from the perspective of R&D accounting policy choices, the paper studies the influence of R&D accounting choice (capitalization and expensing) on firm value. The results display that R&D accounting policy choices produce the opposite effect on the finance value and market value of the firm. R&D accounting policy choices are negatively connected to the finance value, while they are positively related to the market value. The firms that chose to capitalize their R&D investments have higher market value and lower finance value. On the contrary, the companies that select to expense their R&D expenditures have lower market value and higher finance value. By inference, the accounting policy choice on R&D capitalization and expensing is a trade-off result between finance value and market value.
Knowledge creation is the core of the process in the R&D of complex product system. Based on classic model of spiral knowledge creation process (the SECI model), this paper proposed a knowledge creation model named SECRP-SyS model from the three dimension perspective of knowledge, and believed that the knowledge creation of CoPS is 6 kinds of patterns of interaction process including Socialization, Externalization, Combination, Reflection Internalization, Practice Internalization and Systematization. Through the model assumptions and an empirical studies by structural equation model, we have found that there are four major knowledge creation path about R&D of CoPS, and the Practice Internalization of knowledge is the key of knowledge creation process.
The entrepreneurial context in China is changing due to the emerging industry has become an important force in driving economic transition. As the ventures started in emerging industry are increasing and team entrepreneurship has become a trend, the prior entrepreneurial learning theory faces a new challenge as it focused on the traditional industry and individual learning. To address this gap, the paper proposed a new concept named entrepreneurial action learning that based on entrepreneurial learning and action learning theory. The new concept was defined as the process that entrepreneurs learn from resolving entrepreneurial problems/challenges by the means of social interactions. Then the research designed a conceptual model encompassing four phases and carried out a multi-case study to refine it. Results showed that the process of entrepreneurial action learning was a spiral model that contained experience search, interactive reflection, systematic integration and action verification which were driven by entrepreneurial problems. The paper discussed the role of these elements played in the learning mechanism.
Due to different types of knowledge have different properties, the enterprises only develop absorptive capacity which matches with the characteristics of knowledge can improve the performance of knowledge absorption. According to the characteristics of breadth and depth knowledge, we put forward the concepts of breadth and depth of absorptive capacity. Based on the theory of weak and strong ties, the conceptual model is constructed. To test the conceptual model, we conducted a large-scale survey of 264 firms. Our results show that the knowledge network of weak ties and strong ties are positively related to breadth and depth of absorptive capacity, respectively; the breadth of prior knowledge moderate the relationships between knowledge network of weak ties and breadth of absorptive capacity; both the breadth and depth of absorptive capacity are positively related to innovation performance, specially, the depth of absorption capacity impact on innovation performance is higher. The empirical results also reveal the key factors affect the formation of knowledge network of weak and strong ties.
It is very significant for using the MNCs’ technology transfer to promote green innovation performance of green innovation system in chinese manufacturing industry, that clarify factors which play an Important role when the MNCs’ technology transfer impact on green innovation performance of manufacturing green innovation system. Based on panel data from 28 manufacturing industries during 2005-2011, an empirical analysis is performed to study on the factors of MNCs’ technology transfer on green innovation performance of manufacturing green innovation system. The results indicate that MNCs’ technology spillovers is the most important factors when the MNCs’ technology transfer impact on green innovation performance, the second factors is absorptive capacity of green innovation system, and the last one is social capital of green innovation system. In contrast, the influence of MNCs’ technology spillovers, absorptive capacity of green innovation system, and social capital of green innovation system on MNCs’ technology transfer is bigger, than which influence on green innovation performance of green innovation system.
Due to its special spatial organizational form, industrial cluster is convenient to accumulate social capital, which plays a key role to the promotion of innovation performance.But the characteristics of the dimensions of industrial cluster’s social capital is not the same under different life cycle stages. Few people study whether the impact on innovation performance exists a big gap because of the difference.This article is based on this view to carry on a thorough discussion to provide reference for the industrial cluster in different life cycle stages to improve innovation performance.The empirical results show: in the formative years, only vertical social capital is significantly positively related to innovation performance; in the growth period, all the vertical social capital、horizontal social capita and the sideling social capita are significantly positively related to innovation performance and the correlation is the most obvious;In mature stage,horizontal social capital and innovation performance shows negative correlation, vertical and sideling social capita are still significantly positively related to innovation performance, but the correlation weakens.
Based on organizational learning theory and innovation theory, the theoretical model is built that how supplier involvement in fuzzy front end impacts radical innovation both directly and indirectly through relationship learning and tacit knowledge creation. The hypotheses and affecting paths have been empirically tested by using 253 survey data from China's manufacturing enterprises. The results show that supplier involvement in fuzzy front end has a positive effect on relationship learning and radical innovation. Manufacturing enterprises’ long-term orientation on supplier positively moderates the relations between supplier involvement in fuzzy front end and relationship learning. Relationship learning has a positive effect on tacit knowledge creation. Learning intention positively moderates the relations between relationship learning and tacit knowledge creation. Tacit knowledge creation has a positive effect on radical innovation. The results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance to the smooth implementation of radical innovation for the better management of supplier involvement fuzzy front end and making full use of supplier’s innovative resources.
Abstract: Business Groups plays an important role in the development of economic activities in China. This paper analyzes the relationship between Business Groups and technological innovation, finds its mechanism from the perspective of human capital. This paper finds that through promoting the level of human capital, Business Groups promotes innovation. Further study shows that the Business Groups has a positive impact on the industry technological innovation. This paper holds that, during the adjustment and upgrade of industry structure, it is necessary to restructure major enterprises and relax control over small ones, and build some large scale Business Groups to push the innovation and upgrade of the whole industry, and cultivate new economic opportunities. This paper deepens the understanding of the link between organizational structure and technological progress, and also provides some important inferences for the revolution and development of Business Groups.
