Approaching to original innovation methodology of Nobel Prize winners is the hot issues in China. Based on the authoritative sources of typical representative in original innovation - Nobel Prize winners and academicians of the Chinese Academy, this study uses Structural Equation Model and Evidence Reasoning to discuss the original innovative methods and techniques from the perspective of subject areas. Results show that the original innovation techniques in the field of physics can be divided into three categories: the theory ,method and trial means in its subject (physics), and in mature disciplines, such as chemistry and biology, as well as the tool disciplines- mathematics, computer science, philosophy and so on. Besides, we can conclude that different categories are different in significance level. In order to explore the causes of the weak original innovation ability in our country, the paper also analyzes the difference in original innovation techniques between the Nobel Prize winners and the academicians.
There have been some studies on the evolution mechanism and influencing factors of the original innovation. However there is still not enough empirical research about the original innovation. In this study, we choose basic research and high-tech research of domestic universities as the research background and use multiple case study methods to analyze influential original innovation cases for empirical testing. This study selected four original innovation cases from Tsinghua University, Peking University, Fudan University and University of Science and Technology of China. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms and influencing factors of original innovation in domestic universities. This study shows that seven elements of three dimensions have a significant impact on the original innovation: the individual level (overseas background, research interests and knowledge accumulation), the team level (perseverance, innovative approaches and environment and teamwork) and the institutional level (incentive system arrangements).
New scientific breakthroughs, as well as revolutionary changes, are often turned up in interdisciplinary subjects. However, the interdisciplinary cannot developed without the cultivation of a large number of interdisciplinary talents which started with post-graduate education. From two different aspects, considered the fact whether or not under an Nobel Laureate as grouping variable, we made comparative analysis the effects of an accomplished tutor from two different aspects as different disciplines such as Physics, Chemistry and Medicine or interdisciplinary, with the data of 1901-2013 Nobel Prize winners in science. The results shows that, in the growth promotion of future talents, the effects of great teachers that counts in interdisciplinary teacher-student relationships are more pronounced than the effects of masters in a single discipline.
To correctly understand and evaluate research output performance of funding projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), we divided all papers published on Science Citation Index (SCI) in 2010 by Chinese authors into 3 groups according to resource of funds: NSFC papers (groupⅠ), other funds papers (group Ⅱ) and no funds papers (group Ⅲ), and we counted up the number of papers and their citations in detail with these 3 groups. The results showed that the number of papers in each group were 63570, 42237 and 27962 respectively, the citation (mean±standard deviation) were 11.15±21.43, 10.14±18.36 and 6.29±12.73. The Nemenyi test showed that the difference between any two groups had statistical significance（P=0.000）, the number of NSFC papers and their citations were obviously higher than papers in other two groups, and the difference between NSFC papers and no funds papers was much more significant. We compared the number of papers, citations and other evaluation indicators of NSFC papers from 34 boroughs in our country in 2010, and we conducted the statistics analysis on the first 50 institutions producing the most NSFC papers and their performance indicators.
This paper applies DEA method to measure journal knowledge exchange efficiencies of library and information journals, by establish the evaluation index system of input and output. And then uses the Tobit regression model to evaluate the correlation between the knowledge exchange efficiency and various factors. The results shows that knowledge exchange efficiency vary widely among different journals; scale is high but the crste needs to be improved; journal of scale exist marginal to efficiency; journal of communication channels、regional coverage、international spread deeply influence knowledge exchange efficiency. At last, we put forward corresponding suggestions basing on the results.
Recently in China, industrial investment fund as a new kind of investment tool has played an increasingly important role in enriching the endowments of certain industries and stimulating certain industries. Past literature lacks discussion on the role that industrial investment fund play in the adjustment of industry structure. Considering investment purpose, we start with two modes of the industry fund: financing and M&A. We study the impact on industry structure based on the search and matching idea. Using the search and matching model, we find the industry fund with M&A will get better matching results for both sides of the investment. Besides, we analyze the relationship between the industrial investment fund and the adjustment of the industrial structure from the perspective of industry specialization and diversification. The results show M&A mode contributes to industry specialization while decreasing industry diversification and relatively financing mode contributes to industry diversification.
Industrial convergence is a new trend of modern industrial development and a new power to industrial development and economic growth. The article uses panel data regression method to analyze variation tendency of industrial convergence from 1998 to 2011. Then the article analyzes industrial convergence’s promotion on industrial performance and the growth of manufacturing industry quantitatively. The result shows that technology-intensive industries have a deeper industrial convergence than labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries. It also proves that the integration of information industry and manufacturing industry is the Granger reason of improvement of manufacturing performance and manufacturing industry growth, but it has the time-lag. Compared with manufacturing industry growth, the convergence between information industry and manufacturing industry has no significant effect on the improvement of manufacturing industry performance, According to empirical results, Chinese government should implement the policies which can strengthen the information construction further, build a integrating modern industrial system, strengthening enterprise technology innovation and industrial restructuring. Then industry convergence will improve the industry performance and accelerate the development of manufacturing industry.
Based on the case of venture capital cluster’s relocation from Silicon Valley to Beijing, this paper makes a theoretical and empirical analysis on the building and evolution of new cluster network in the process of industrial clusters’ relocation using multivariate Logistic regression method. It indicates that the formation process of the new cluster network involves the penetration of original cluster network and the embeddedness in local firm network. Many factors including the network position and the experiences of the relocated firm, environmental uncertainty, significantly influence the network relationship in the new cluster network. For those relocated firms, they will prefer to the embeddedness in local firm network rather than keep their original cluster network relationship as time goes by. Finally, this paper provides some suggestions on how to absorb the industrial cluster relocation for government and enterprises in the developing areas.
Base on difference countries’ import data，this paper estimate 150 countries’ export sophistication from1994 to 2011, then takes advantage of SYS-GMM to estimate the effects of the evolution of export sophistication to sexual discrimination in employment from high, middle and low technology level. The result show that: (1)the effects of the evolution of export sophistication to sexual discrimination in employment depend on the technology level of the economics，this effects are reverse U shape，China’s strategy of improve the function of women and catch-up has “potential conflict”.(2) different economies’’ export sophistication converge to two “interval of convergence”, the export sophistication differences of “high interval of convergence” economics are enlargeing, the export sophistication differences of “low interval of convergence” economics are lessening.(3) high education effects to lease sexual discrimination in employment only useful in high technology economies, the improvement of efficiency will worsen the sexual discrimination, the improvement of enterprises’ business environment will lease sexual discrimination.
The existing studies on the impact of external knowledge on creativity and innovative performance keep controversial. One important reason might be that in most studies actors’ cognitive ability has been ignored. Creative cognition theory and constructivism learning theory have pointed out that individual cognitive ability influence the relation between knowledge and creativity. However, no empirical study addresses this issue. This article explored the effect of research and development (R&D) employees’ knowledge assimilation capacity on the relationship between the strength of external knowledge searching and their innovative performance. Based on the survey paired-sample data of 207 R&D employees from 7 research organizations, the analysis results demonstrated that: 1) The strength of external knowledge searching had no significant effect on R&D employees’ innovation performance. 2) R&D employees’ knowledge assimilation capacity increased their innovative performance. 3) Assimilation capacity moderated the relationship between the strength of external knowledge searching and innovative performance. In the end, R&D management suggestions were discussed.
The knowledge service is the key driving force of innovation, how does knowledge service transform into innovation performance is still an important and unsolved problems. This paper uses the case study method of grounded theory code selection, Choose1 research and development service institutions and 4 small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises interactive case as the object of study, the study found: (1) knowledge service includes four elements: innovation planning, demand management, team building and Process specification; (2) a value process includes: value consensus, value symbiosis, value share and win-win; (3) Under the promoting of the innovation leader, there is a interaction between the value contents and knowledge service to create a process, to jointly promote the knowledge service into the innovation performance.
During the process of a firm’s innovation, internal and external knowledge heterogeneity(KH) will lead to different innovation performance, and also the above relationships can be moderated by strategic flexibility. Using a survey data of 261 firms from innovation-intensive industries in east China, this study examines the direct impact between internal and external knowledge heterogeneity and innovation performance and the strategic flexibility’s moderating effects between the two. The empirical research results show that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between external KH and innovation performance, but internal KH has only a linear effect on innovation performance, rather than providing evidence of a curvilinear effect. In addition, we also find that different types of strategic flexibility, including resource flexibility and coordinate flexibility, have different moderating effects on the relationship between internal and external knowledge heterogeneity and innovation performance. Furthermore, resource flexibility only positively and significantly moderates the link between internal KH and innovation performance, while coordinate flexibility only positively and significantly moderates the effect of external KH on innovation performance. This study provides a theoretical basis and an effective approach for enterprises to effectively apply internal and external knowledge and improve innovation performance.
Abstract： Based on the knowledge chain as the research object， this paper analyzes the forming mechanism of knowledge chain synergistic effect from three aspects of subject coordination， coordination and knowledge collaboration， and put forward the relational research hypothesizes. Using the data of member organizations in the knowledge chain and the structural equation model， the research hypothesizes can be empirically tested. The conclusion shows that： the subject coordination， coordination mechanism and knowledge collaboration have direct impact on the knowledge chain synergistic effect. In addition， the coordination mechanism has a positive effect to subject coordination and knowledge collaboration in the organizations of knowledge chain. However， subject coordination has no significant effect for the subject coordination.
Due to entrepreneurial practice of small and micro businesses in Zhejiang pilot central towns, collaborative entrepreneurial behavior has become a new emerging issue attracting much attention. Discourse analysis is a valid path on cognizing business complex behavior in evolutionary environment. Based on discourse analysis, this paper focuses on small and micro businesses in central town context and researches the occurrence mechanism of collaborative entrepreneurial behavior. The conclusions include: Firstly, this paper refines discursive model on occurrence mechanism of collaborative entrepreneurial behavior of small and micro businesses in central town context. This model indicates that collaborative factors consists of four types: factor collaboration, subject collaboration, behavior collaboration and spatial collaboration. The evidence chain is from central town to collaborative factors to collaborative entrepreneurial behavior. Secondly, every collaborative factor includes four subcategories, such as cluster extrusion, network driving, entrepreneurial learning and collaborative governance are four subcategories of behavior collaboration. Thirdly, we propose eighteen strong relational paths, such as network nodes affecting deliberate learning, and ten weak relational paths, such as spatial collaboration affecting collaborative VC. It enriches present entrepreneurial theory, and provides practical guidance for collaborative entrepreneurial practice of small and micro businesses.
Abstract: In the age of globalization, innovation is an enduring debate in enterprises’ international operations, the cross-border knowledge spillover and competing for knowledge between different countries have been underscoring the importance of innovation. Based on Hofstede’s cultural theory, this paper analyses the effect of national culture on innovation, the result shows that power distance’s effect on innovation had diminished over time, however, other culture aspect such as individualism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity have strong and lasting effect on innovation. When implementing innovation strategy, MNES should take national culture into account.
Technology innovation and business model innovation interact, considering that existing documents emphasize the mechanisms of technology innovation driving business model innovation, this paper focus on the reverse action mechanisms. Through coding 20 home and abroad software enterprise cases by grounded theory approach, this study aims to excavate the internal mechanism and realization ways of business model innovation driving technology innovation. The conclusions show that product/service innovation and market orientation innovation as orientation innovation, industrial chain orientation innovation and network ecosystem constitution as operation innovation, combing profit innovation compose the main component of business model innovation, pulsing the compel of realistic situations and the motivation of ultimate aim, jointly evoke technology innovation.
Based on existing research results about innovation efficiency evaluation, small and medium sized industrial clusters innovation efficiency evaluation index system was built, and then professional towns in Guangdong Province are taken as the research object, the technological innovation efficiency of 20 cities in Guangdong Province is empirically evaluated by using DEA model, the results showed that the comprehensive technical efficiency of Guangdong professional town was inefficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the cluster had significant effects on innovation efficiency. Then the key factors influencing clusters Science and Technology innovation efficiency were researched, and the survey questionnaire is designed to explore the key factors influencing on innovation of industrial clusters of Guangdong Province. Through the analysis of the questionnaire data, these potential key factors are put forward, finally, some valuable policy suggestions have been proposed.
