Abstract: Selecting 298 patent policies texts issued at the national level from 1984 to 2019 as the main research object. We systematically analyzes the historical evolution of China's patent policy, inter-public relations, policy structure characteristics at different stages, overall evolution logic and trend. The study found that: China's patent policy has obvious stage characteristics with the development of science and technology and the market economy. It has gone through the domestic demand of initial establishment stage driven by reform and opening-up. The stage of integration with the international standards under the international pressure.The stage of fully promoting the capability of independent innovation, The stage of comprehensive governance from a big patent country to a powerfull patent country since the establishment of China's patent system in 1984. The entire evolution process also reflects the changing process of the importance of science and technology in the socio-economic development, the changes in the focus of patent development at different stages, and the characteristics and laws of the government's policy tools. During the overall evolution, the system of patent policy continues to expand, and reflects the characteristics of integration with the national innovation system, science and technology management system, and industrial economic system. At the same time, its functional positioning has shifted from traditional rights protection to the comprehensive functions such as stimulating innovation, promoting industrialization applications and economic system reform.