科技人才集聚的区域治理归因———基于多时段 QCA 的组态分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 如何识别各时段科技人才高集聚的区域治理驱动路径，以区域治理水平提升带动人才集聚是有待回答的重要问题。本研究以中国31个省市为案例，结合NCA和多时段QCA方法，探讨政府治理、市场治理和社会治理要素对地区科技人才集聚的联动效应及路径选择。研究发现：（1）单一条件在各时段并不构成科技人才高集聚的必要条件，但各时段政府治理、市场治理和社会治理条件间互动可形成驱动科技人才集聚的多样化组态。时段1存在财政-企业-居民驱动型、企业-环境驱动型及财政-产业-居民驱动型等多个等效组态。时段2存在企业-环境-居民驱动型和产业-居民驱动型等多重路径。（2）居民生活在各时段发挥重要作用，政法环境仅发挥辅助作用；企业质量和居民生活在各时段演化中相互增强，企业质量和宜居环境在时段2两个组态中相互减弱；政法环境在各时段与财政投入、企业质量及居民生活共同演化，区域治理要素间关系模式改变，并产生阶段间区域治理组态演化。（3）不同治理水平地区科技人才集聚驱动路径存在明显差异。本研究有助于深化对各时段区域科技人才集聚多重因素间复杂互动的认识，并为不同区域治理地区吸引科技人才带来启示。

Abstract: How to identify the regional governance-driven paths of high concentration of scientific and technological talents in each time period and drive the talent concentration with the improvement of regional governance is an important question to be answered. This study takes 31 Chinese provinces and cities as cases, and combines NCA and multi-temporal QCA methods to explore the linkage effects and path choices of governmental, market and social governance elements on regional technological talent agglomeration. It is found that (1) a single condition does not constitute a necessary condition for high clustering of scientific and technological talents in each time period, but the interaction among governmental, market and social governance conditions in each time period can form a diverse set of conditions driving the clustering of scientific and technological talents. In time period 1, there are several equivalent groups such as finance-enterprise-resident-driven, enterprise-environment-driven and finance-industry-resident-driven. In time period 2, there are multiple paths such as enterprise-environment-resident driven and industry-resident driven. (2) Residents' life plays an important role in each time period, and the political and legal environment only plays a supporting role; enterprise quality and residents' life are mutually enhanced in each time period, and enterprise quality and livable environment are mutually weakened in both time periods; the political and legal environment co-evolves with financial input, enterprise quality and residents' life in each time period, and the relationship pattern among regional governance elements changes and generates inter-stage regional governance group evolution. (3) The relationship pattern between the regional governance elements changes at different levels of governance. (3) There are significant differences in the paths driving the concentration of scientific and technological talents in regions with different levels of governance. This study helps to deepen the understanding of the complex interactions among multiple factors of regional scientific and technological talent concentration in each time period, and brings insights to attract scientific and technological talents in different regional governance areas.

王世权王向淑. 科技人才集聚的区域治理归因———基于多时段 QCA 的组态分析[J]. 科学学研究, 2024, 42(3): 492-502.

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