Abstract: Patent policies are most important supports of innovative systems in both nation and region, while they are one of hot theoretical issues. This paper explores the mechanism of the patent policies, proposing structural effect hypothesis of the patent policies with empirical study. After that, this paper holds that the patent policies has wholly positive effect toward scientific and technological innovation and the structural effect exists; The policies promoting patent application are the key parts among current policies, but its effect of comprehensive index is weaker than that of the policies fostering patent delivery and usage; The comprehensive effect index of the policies promoting patent usage is the highest, but it is usually ignored by current policies. On the basis of empirical analysis, this paper, considering current situation of China’s patent polices, gives some suggestions.