Abstract: This paper analyzed America federal R&D budget process, preparation cycle, budget performance management. It reflects the importance of R&D budget in fiscal budget fully. The tightness of the preparation methods and procedures, supervision and performance mechanism is very effective, which is worth of learning. Based on the Federal Government R&D budget implications, this paper put forward some measures and policy suggestions. Firstly, strengthen the science budget macro planning and the balance of power. Secondly, we should perfect budget openness and transparency and optimize the structure of the central financial investment in science and technology. Besides, develop and better the performance evaluation mechanism.