Abstract: Baltimore case is the ladder of maturity of scientific misconduct investigation procedure in America. The ten-year investigation of Baltimore case have three changes. In the first stage of 1986, the investigation of Imanishi-Kari held by Henry Wortis group at Tufts University and Herman Eisen at MIT, reflecting American college have guideline but have no practical policy, which have serious defections in investigation main body, investigation principles and investigation content. In the second stage from 1987 to 1991, Mary Miers group, Joseph M.Davies group, and new OSI at NIH held three investigations, featuring hearing system have severe influence towards justice of investigations. Three hearings held by Congressman John D. Dingel resulted in different conclusions, eventually decided as scientific misconduct. In the third stage from 1992 to 1996, the reorganized ORI carry on investigation, Imanishi-Kari appeal and the Department Appeal Board at HHS sentence Imanishi-Kari innocent. The setting of the organization of institution of Appeal Board is of great importance for amending judgment, which guarantee the right of appeal, permitting the defendant to contact with all the proofs.