Abstract: Based on elastic theory in economics, The R&D output rate and the ratio of R&D input rate is defined as elastic coefficient. To analyze the sensitivity of R&D output, we select R&D input and output data of 31 provinces in china as sample. We also studied dynamic evolution of Elastic coefficient with data from 2009-2013.The result shows that the efficiency of converting the R&D input to the patent grant is high in most provinces of china. The number of college and scientific institution has a significant impact on the number of papers. The efficiency of converting the R&D expenditure to papers is poor. Compared with the date of 31 provinces in 2009, the R&D input increase steadily while the elasticity reduced. The intensity of R&D investment and the allocation of R&D resources are equally important for science and technology innovation.