Abstract: This paper presents a TFP growth model with R&D investment scale and R&D resource allocation，and investigates the spatial correlation of regional TFP growth and R&D activities, and further focuses on the effect of R&D resources allocation efficiency and R&D expenditure structure on the TFP growth based on the Chinese provincial panel data during 1998-2014. The study finds that:(1) China’s TFP growth and R&D activities presents an obvious spatial spillover effect and “club” agglomeration; (2) R&D input scale has a significant negative effect on regional TFP growth; (3) the efficiency of R&D resource allocation within the region is low; compared to enterprises and universities, the increase of R&D share of scientific research institutions have more positive effect on regional TFP growth;(4) the regional mobility of R&D capital and R&D labors can promote the increase of regional TFP growth obviously, and the regional mobility of R&D labors have a stronger effect. Whether we use a current model and the lag model, the results as described above are stable. The conclusions of this paper have important policy on promoting regional TFP in China through adjusting R&D expenditure and optimization of R&D resource allocation.