Abstract: Based on organizational learning theory, we investigate the direct effect of learning orientation on alliance management capability, the mediating role of alliance management practice adoption in the above relationship, and the moderating effect of competitive regime of the alliance on the mediating effect. The empirical results from 185 alliances from China reveal that learning orientation has a positive effect on alliance management capability and alliance management practice adoption mediates the examined relationship. Besides, competitive regime of the alliance moderates the relationship between learning orientation and alliance management capability in such a way that when there is a high level of competitiion between the focal firm and its partner, the mediation effect will become weaker. Our findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for firms’ alliance management.