Abstract: In theory, the essence of industrial structure optimization and upgrading is the transfer of production factors from the inefficient production sector to the high-efficiency production sector. This will inevitably have an impact on the efficiency of technological innovation. However, in practice, the market mechanism may, when guiding the production factors, Not as efficient and smooth as we expected. The dynamic space measurement model is used to directly examine the effect of the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure on the efficiency of technological innovation from the perspective of inter-provincial macro-view. The results show that there are obvious path dependence characteristics in the inter-provincial technological innovation efficiency, Showing a "snowball effect"; from the spatial dimension, showing a significant geographical dependence characteristics, there is a positive spatial spillover effect. The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure can significantly promote the formation of spatial spillover effect of technological innovation efficiency. The relationship between the two should be "spiral up", and other factors that affect the spatial spillover effect of technological innovation efficiency are also analyzed.