Abstract: The performance evaluation of public research and development is a comprehensive quality control method to achieve the goals of scientific research quality, the quality of capital, social satisfaction and so on. In the horizon of STS try to put forward to the outward manifestation of the intrinsic quality of re of evaluation as the support, in an integrated quality control function the purport of the performance evaluation system of public R&D design ideas. By NSFC was founded the 25th anniversary of the international performance evaluation case which contains the logic for the assessment and analysis of the structure, supports the effectiveness of the effectiveness of the design of the performance evaluation system of public R&D.