Abstract: The paper makes a quantitative analysis of the short-term impact of China's positive R&D investment on China's economy in recent years, based on CGE model. The simulation results are mainly as follows: 1) R&D investment can significantly promote the development of China's overall economy; 2) R&D investment has a positive effect on optimizing China's industrial structure, which is conducive to the transformation of China's economy from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry. In the secondary industry, R&D investment has the greatest impact on the construction industry, and the impact on the manufacturing industry is relatively smaller. In the tertiary industry, R&D investment has little effect on the real estate, Hotels and catering industry. 3) R&D investment can significantly stimulate domestic demand, promote consumer spending, and maintaining the current R&D investment intensity helps to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents.