Abstract: Through analyzing China's regional science and technology policies and development paths over the past 40 years, it is found that regional science and technology development is jointly promoted by regional industrial upgrading and strengthening science and education strength.The conclusion is that the market economy is the important factor that promotes the science and technology to become the economic growth, entrepreneurial culture and locational factors are the intrinsic power.The role of science and technology in regional economic development is increasingly prominent. The polarization of science and technology continues, and the direction of science and technology policy and planning will lead to the imbalance of science and technology resources again