Abstract: The old industrial base in Northeast China is geopolitically specific, and it is of great significance to study its economic problems. The business incubator is an important part of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which provides an important impetus to the development of the regional economy. Therefore, the research on the efficiency of incubator operation based on the northeast context has its unique value. Combined with the northeast situation, the study divides the business incubator into two dominant modes of government and private, and uses DEA to analyze the overall difference and difference level of Northeast business incubator and the development gap with other regions, and the comparison of the operating efficiency between different dominant modes， as well as a series of problems such as the gap of private leading incubator between Northeast and Eastern. Essentially reveals the essence of the operational efficiency of the Northeast business incubator, and finally proposes a "two-step" path plan.