Abstract: However the relationship between the independent R&D of enterprises and the university-industry collaboration has been widely concerned, the conclusions are not consistent. Based on the perspectives of patent citation structure, this paper takes the patent quality as the entry point and attempts to investigate the universities, enterprises and university-industry collaboration on the impact of patent quality using the patent data of PATSTAT from 2006 to 2010. According to the median of forward citations and backward citations, the quality of patents is divided into four types: technology mavericks, technology pioneers, technology adopters, and technology enablers. In the sub sample test, the role of independent R&D of universities has no significant positive impact on the patent quality, they are more inclined to be technology pioneers. The role of large enterprises has significant positive impact on the patent quality, they tend to be technology mavericks. The role of university-industry collaboration has significant positive impact on the patent quality, in particular, the improvement of small and medium-sized enterprises is more significant. This study is of great reference value for the effective implementation of patent classification management and identification of potential partners.