Abstract: As vital knowledge resource of organizational innovation, internal and external learning play an important synergistic role in the process of organizational innovation resources transformation. Based on the categorization of the organizational innovation performance and on the analysis of the comparison between the effect of internal and external learning, and it can be divided into two states and four situations according to the different levels of internal and external learning. Meanwhile, this paper utilizes response surface analysis to reveal micro contingency mechanism between internal, external learning, product and process innovation. The results indicate that: ①both internal and external learning have significant positive effects on organizational product and process innovation, but excessive internal learning can slow down the rate of increase in product innovation performance. ②internal and external learning have a joint effect on innovation performance. In other words, the product and process innovation performance are higher when internal learning and external learning are at high levels. However, the product innovation performance is lower when internal learning is at low level and external learning is at high level; the process innovation performance is lower when internal learning is at high level and external learning is at low level. ③balancing learning has inverted U-shape effect on product innovation, and has significant positive effect on process innovation; but excessive balancing learning can slow down the rate of increase in process innovation performance. ④when internal learning is weaker than external learning, organization can decrease product innovation performance and increase process innovation performance by enhancing internal learning; when external learning is weaker than internal learning, organization can increase product innovation performance and decrease process innovation performance by enhancing external learning. This study makes clear the position of the balance zones that can bring, for the organizations, the better ever the best innovation performance, thereby, pointing out the strategies for organizational innovation under the comparison of organizational learning situation.