Abstract: As technological innovation gradually moves toward systematization and ecologicalization, enterprises need to jump out of one-way competition or cooperative thinking, and attach importance to collaborative innovation with external organizations. Based on the context of the innovation ecosystem, this study explores how different positions (enterprise niche) of an enterprise in an ecosystem affects the cooperation between an enterprise and an external organization, and then contribute to the performance of technological collaborative innovation. The results show that: (1) The niche width and situation of the enterprise have a significant positive effect on the collaborative innovation performance, and the overlap has a significant negative impact on performance ; (2) the technology collaborative innovation model (technology deal and technology alliance) plays partial mediating roles in the two relationships between enterprise niche and collaborative innovation performance; (3) formal and informal communication matching has different moderating effects in the relationship between different dimensions of enterprise niche and collaborative innovation performance.