Abstract: Using PCT patent application cooperation data between countries alongside One Belt and One Road Area during the period of 2002-2015 from the Incopat patent information search platform, this paper divides the fifteen years into 5 stages , constructs scientific and technological collaboration network for each stage, and analyzes the whole structure, key points, topological structures and pair of high frequent cooperation of each network. The research shows that, firstly, the development of network is still in its infancy, the development trend is not stable; secondly, Russia and China are the key points in the networks, Russia is the most important point in the first four networks and China takes its place in the network of last stage, the extend of focusing on the key points of the whole network has showed the declining trend; thirdly, there are 2 kinds of topological structures, which are the star topology with the center of Russia and a network topology consisting of several relatively rich countries, and the pairs of high frequent cooperation are quite few.