Abstract: Actively expanding imports is a major change in China's foreign trade policy in the new period. Based on the H-K ternary marginal method, this paper estimated the extensive margin, price margin, and quantity margin of China's high-tech product import growth to 58 major trading partners from 2001 to 2018. Based on this, a feasible "input-output" mechanism of import growth was constructed and the three-stage DEA method was adopted to measure the efficiency of China's high-tech product import growth. Finally, we examined the internal factors that affect the technical efficiency of China's high-tech product import growth from the perspective of institutional distance. The findings are as follows: (1) The growth of China's high-tech product imports mainly depends on the variety growth. The main problem China's high-tech product imports facing is "high price and low volume". The growth of China's high-tech product imports has significant inter-country heterogeneity, and the polarization of its import growth expansion and price margins cannot be ignored. (2) The efficiency level of China's high-tech product import growth is relatively high. Scale efficiency growth is the main reason for the growth of China's high-tech product import technology efficiency. Pure technical efficiency is more susceptible to environmental factors than scale efficiency. (3) Both economic institutional distance and political institutional distance have significantly affected the technical efficiency of China's high-tech product import growth. The Chinese government needs to attach great importance to the construction of the national system and governance system.