Abstract: In the entrepreneurial ecosystem, corporate venture capital (CVC) is an effective mechanism to promote the open innovation of large enterprises and the rapid growth of start-up enterprises. CVC practice activities have been carried out in China for 20 years, which has promoted the common development of large enterprises and start-up enterprises, and formed a symbiotic relationship between them through the optimization of symbiotic media and symbiotic interface, mutual benefit and symbiosis, can be realized. From the perspective of innovation ecosystem, the stable symbiotic relationship between large enterprise population and entrepreneurial enterprise population can be formed through evolutionary game, which is conducive to improving the adaptability of both sides and broadening the niche, and then co-exist to create value. The niche of CVC ecological community was described and the innovation of CVC ecological community was analyzed through the introduction of Lotka-Volterra model. This paper analysis the stability of evolution game through Replicator Dynamic Equation, and then discusses ten parameters of niche state. The evolution trend of innovation niche of large enterprises and start-up enterprises is obtained through simulation examples. Finally, the symbiosis cultivation mechanism of the ecological community of venture capital is proposed from the perspective of symbiosis, learning, innovation and incentive mechanism. It provides theoretical support for strategy optimization and selection of enterprise innovation niche in China's CVC ecological community. The cultivation and evolution of CVC ecological community is based on the formation of symbiotic relationship. The professional advantages and abilities of large enterprises and start-ups are the basis of their participation in symbiosis. The complementarity among multiple subjects makes them interdependent. Based on the common goal and mutual trust among subjects, they form a close relationship and gradually evolve into a stable symbiotic relationship. CVC ecological community's pursuit of symbiotic interests is its instinctive motivation. Due to the complementarity of resources or knowledge, the integration of culture and the persistence of trust among symbiotic subjects, it can bring a variety of shared interests such as technological innovation, resource acquisition, cost reduction, risk control and scale benefits in the process of symbiosis. The niche evolution of CVC ecological community is affected by a variety of mechanisms. Competition and symbiosis are driven by interests and affected by ecological balance. Interest driven mechanism is the internal growth mechanism of CVC ecological community in a certain innovation and entrepreneurship ecological environment. The power source is the pursuit of maximizing individual interests by large enterprises and entrepreneurial enterprises. Large enterprise population and entrepreneurial enterprise population integrate relevant resources through horizontal symbiosis, vertical symbiosis or dynamic alliance, eliminate or reduce resource bottlenecks, and promote the smooth development of large enterprises and entrepreneurial enterprises. Therefore, as a core part of the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, CVC ecological community shows a nonlinear and exponential growth trend. Only through effective symbiotic cultivation, symbiotic energy will be continuously generated and guide the circular development of new symbiotic relations in evolution. As an important mechanism in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, CVC ecological community symbiosis cultivation mechanism maintains the stability of symbiotic relationship through value co creation and distribution through adaptation, adjustment and aggregation among system populations, so as to promote the balance and healthy development of the ecosystem and the continuous improvement of the value of the whole innovation ecosystem.