Abstract: Science and technology aid to Xinjiang is a major strategic measure for the state to promote independent innovation and self-development in Xinjiang border minority areas, and to solve the imbalance and insufficient contradiction of regional development. Based on the panel data of 11 provinces in the western development from 2003 to 2017, this paper empirically tests the impact of science and technology aid strategy on Xinjiang's innovation ability by using the double difference method. The results show that: The strategy of aiding Xinjiang with science and technology has a significant negative impact on Xinjiang's innovation ability, which indicates that the strategy of aiding Xinjiang with science and technology has failed to effectively improve Xinjiang's innovation ability; The dynamic effect analysis also shows that the strategy of science and technology aid to Xinjiang not only fails to improve Xinjiang's innovation ability, but also leads to the "policy trap" of Xinjiang's regional innovation development; The results of further impact mechanism test show that technology effect, allocation effect and structure effect play an intermediary role in the impact of science and technology aid strategy on Xinjiang's innovation ability, but the three effects fail to play an effective role, resulting in the "low efficiency trap" of science and technology aid innovation resources accumulation, the insufficient role of market allocation of innovation resources in Xinjiang, and the low efficiency trap of science and technology aid innovation resources accumulation The important reasons for Xinjiang's regional innovation and development to fall into the "policy trap" are the dependence of industrial enterprises on policies and the crowding out of competitive enterprises.