Abstract: The overlapping development of life sciences and information sciences has promoted the arrival of biological big data era. As one of the fast-growing big data types, biological big data has been profoundly affecting biomedicine and promoting the popularization and application of "precision medicine". However, biological information data cannot exist independently of the basic facility of Biobank. Nowadays, it has been transitioned from the development stage of the traditional Biobank to the development stage of the modern Biobank, and has been changed from focusing on "biological samples" to focusing on "biological data". As an important guarantee for the advancement of medical technology and the prevention and control of public diseases, the Biobank will surely be further deepened and expanded. At this time, the protection of human genetic information will become more prominent. Moreover, the Biobank that stores human genetic information is very special, because human genetic information reveals the most sensitive and deepest personal information of a person, which is closely related to the life characteristics of the individual. On the other hand, the Biobank storing human genetic information has brought huge ethical dilemmas to human society. For example, it is obviously irresponsible to carry out large-scale genetic information collection activities without identifying the social, legal, and ethical issues involved. Especially in the current background of biological big data, the acquisition of individual biological specimens and DNA will to a certain extent mean the leakage and disclosure of their sensitive information. Therefore, it is necessary and obliged to take precise and effective measures to protect the safety of the genetic information of subjects during the construction of the biological sample library, and to avoid potential genetic discrimination or other adverse events. In other words, the law requires multiple considerations and special protection of human genetic information. Human genetic information presents the typical "dividual" characteristics. If the human genetic information cannot be strictly protected, it will trigger genetic discrimination in the social field, ethnic groups will fall into the stigmatization quagmire, and a huge "gene gap" will be formed between countries. Besides, if the human genetic information cannot be strictly protected, it will inevitably cause a shake of the person's subjective status. Therefore, the article introduces the theoretical concept of "dividual" to reveal the essential characteristics of human genetic information; on this basis, further explores the theoretical significance of protecting human genetic information, and examine the risks and hazards caused by the unreasonable disclosure of human genetic information from the perspectives of individuals, groups and countries. Finally, an effective response plan was proposed, including improving relevant governance mechanisms, continuously accelerating the improvement of relevant legislation, expressly prohibiting illegal genetic testing, fully guaranteeing the authenticity of informed consent, accurately defining the scope of subjects, and constructing a reasonable withdrawal mechanism. Through these measures, the goal of the benign operation of the Biobank and enhancement of the welfare of our people will be achieved. In summary, based on the irreversibility of the consequences of human genetic information infringement, how to construct a protection system that can not only promote the rapid development of biomedical research, but also effectively protect the rights of citizens is still a problem that we need to continue to think about.