Abstract: Under the new situation of knowledge-based economy and innovation-driven development, open innovation is the main feature of innovation globalization. It is the innovation facing the knowledge society, breaking the organizational boundary of closed innovation and becoming the mainstream development trend of global innovation. The innovation mode of science and technology has also entered the era of open innovation. As the foundation of the value chain of science and technology innovation, basic research shows stronger driving force of innovation and is becoming the main battlefield of global science and technology competition. The significance of basic research evaluation lies in promoting the quality of basic research and improving the level of China's innovation system. Therefore, exploring the new model of basic research evaluation under the open innovation environment should closely focus on the innovative characteristics of basic research in the new era and establish the correct evaluation orientation. In the new era when the innovation environment turns to open innovation, the innovation characteristics of basic research have changed, and the traditional evaluation model of basic research has been unable to meet the new requirements of the innovation environment and innovation model changes for basic research evaluation practice. The evaluation system reform should not stay in the self-innovation of the traditional evaluation model, but should break through the shackles of the traditional evaluation model and explore a new evaluation model of basic research facing the open innovation environment. By comparing the research paradigms under the traditional closed innovation environment and the open innovation environment, this paper analyzes the mismatch between the traditional basic research evaluation model and the basic research innovation characteristics under the new environment, and then puts forward a new basic research evaluation model for open innovation, that is, knowledge innovation effect evaluation. From the perspective of the innovation process of basic research and the flow of output results, A theoretical model for evaluating the effect of knowledge innovation is constructed by analyzing the three dimensions of knowledge creation, knowledge exchange and knowledge diffusion. The factors are in harmony and close contact with each other, covering the whole research process of basic research from knowledge creation, exchange and cooperation to external influence. It can effectively reveal the internal and external effects of basic research under the new open innovation mode, and lay a theoretical foundation for further research and construction of national basic research evaluation index system for open innovation. The evaluation model of innovation effect of basic research knowledge oriented to open innovation proposed in this paper is in line with the national policy requirements of improving the evaluation system of basic research in the new period of China. As the main work of the next stage of research, we will further design and construct a comprehensive index system of evaluation effect of basic research knowledge with practical application value on the basis of current theoretical research, and promote the research and practice of national basic research evaluation system oriented to open innovation environment and meeting the new requirements of innovation and development in China.