Abstract: With the rapid development of cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, block chain and artificial intelligence, digital platforms employ various incentives to attract a large number of entrepreneurs and customers, forming a digital platform ecosystem. There are a variety of small enterprises in the digital platform ecosystem, also known as platform-dependent entrepreneurs, which utilizes digital Platform resources to provide customers with a wide variety of products or services. The network effect and winner-takes-all effect of platform leaders cause platform-dependent entrepreneurs to constantly face role conflicts in the process of platform evolution, and the role conflicts of entrepreneurs are bound to affect the performance of platform-dependent new ventures. Platform-dependent new ventures need knowledge-based key capabilities to do more with less resources to mitigate the negative impact of digital platform evolution. However, few literatures have explored the moderating effect of platform-dependent new ventures' unique knowledge-based capabilities on the relationship between entrepreneur role conflict and the performance of platform-dependent new ventures. Therefore, on the basis of the theory of knowledge management, value creation-possession and network effects, this paper based on absorptive capacity, appropriation capability, and managerial capability to explore the regulation role of knowledge ability between role conflict of the entrepreneurs on the performance of platform-dependent new ventures, in order to provide theoretical guidance for platform peers start-up companies to grow. Based on 308 questionnaires and using SPSS25.0 and Mplus8.0 software, this study explores the impact of entrepreneur role conflict on the performance of platform-dependent new ventures, and explores the moderating effect of knowledge-based key capabilities. It is found that there is a negative correlation between entrepreneur role conflict and new venture performance. Absorptive capacity positively moderates the negative correlation between entrepreneur role conflict and the performance of platform-dependent new ventures. Appropriation capability positively moderates the negative correlation between entrepreneur role conflict and the performance of platform-dependent new ventures. Managerial capability positively moderates the negative correlation between entrepreneur role conflict and the performance of platform-dependent new ventures. The age of platform-dependent start-ups has a positive impact on the performance of platform-dependent new ventures. The conclusion of this study provides theoretical guidance for the healthy growth of platform-dependent new ventures. Firstly, there is asymmetric power and information between the platform owner and the many entrepreneurs on the platform. The growth risks of entrepreneurs stem from the lock-in effect of platform owners. Typically, the controlled degree is continually increasing as the platform becomes more dominant in the market. Secondly, the three kinds of knowledge-based key capabilities enhance the knowledge resource base of platform-dependent new ventures. The three kinds of knowledge-based key capabilities also improve the ability of entrepreneurs to balance between role conflict and the performance of platform-dependent new ventures. The three kinds of knowledge-based key capabilities could gain market competitive advantage by overcoming organizational inertia and destroying institutional inertia. Thirdly, Entrepreneurs of new ventures need to adopt various forms such as cross-department meetings and special meetings to cultivate their knowledge-based capabilities, in order to enhance their strategic flexibility, promote their business model innovation, and achieve the perfect combination of capabilities and innovation.