Abstract: Achieving the goal of carbon neutrality requires high-quality decarbonization, that is, relying on scientific and technological innovation to control the cost of decarbonization and achieve coordinated development of carbon neutrality and the economy. Firstly, on the basis of defining the concepts and relationships of carbon neutrality and decarbonization, and in terms of technology and capital intensiveness, this paper explained the scientificity and necessity of relying on technological innovation to control the cost of decarbonization. Secondly, it proposes to rely on technological innovation to optimize path of controlling decarbonization costs, that is, to optimize the combination of decarbonization technology innovation, optimize the spatial layout of decarbonization technology innovation, and optimize the time schedule of decarbonization technology innovation. Finally, this paper elaborate the policy optimization path for the key core technologies of carbon neutral.